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Leaching of microplastic constituents in aqueous medium
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This study measured the release rates of bisphenol A (BPA) and antimony from UV-aged and non-aged PET plastic samples into aqueous media using HPLC and ICP-MS. UV-aged samples released BPA more rapidly and in greater quantities, while antimony release was much lower; both leachates were tested for toxicity against the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The results confirm that weathering accelerates leaching of plastic additives that are toxic to aquatic microorganisms.
Već nekoliko desetljeća mikroplastika se zamjećuje u okolišu u koji dospijeva putem otpadnih voda ili u njemu nastaje degradacijom plastičnog otpada pod utjecajem fizikalnih ili kemijskih sila. Prilikom proizvodnje plastike koriste se razni aditivi i katalizatori koji mogu biti otpušteni u okoliš tijekom procesa degradacije čestica plastike i kao takvi predstavljaju moguće onečišćenje okoliša. Zbog značajne količine proizvedene plastike u svijetu potrebno je istražiti ponašanje otpuštanja takvih tvari u vodeni okoliš i njihov utjecaj na žive organizme. Cilj ovog rada je korištenje analitičkih i bioanalitičkih metoda za određivanje brzine otpuštanja i koncentracije aditiva bisfenola A i katalizatora antimona iz UV-starenih i nestarenih uzoraka PET plastike u vodenom mediju. Također, praćen je i utjecaj toksičnosti otpuštenih tvari na bioluminiscentne bakterije Vibrio fischeri mjerenjem vrijednosti EC50, EC20 i EC10. Provedena ispitivanja pokazala su pojavu otpuštanja bisfenola A u vodeni medij iz starenih i nestarenih uzoraka, pri čemu je otpuštanje bilo brže iz UV-starenih uzoraka. Zamjećeno je i otpuštanje antimona, no u mnogo manjoj količini kod UV-starenih uzoraka. Uočen je i inhibicijski utjecaj otopine dobivene izluživanjem bisfenola A i antimona iz PET uzoraka na bakterije Vibrio fischeri. Koncentracija bisfenola A praćena je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti, a antimona induktivno spregnutom plazmom s masenim spektrometrom. Za mjerenje ekotoksičnosti korištena je standardna metoda ISO 11348-2:2007.
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Physicochemical transformation and toxic potential of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments exposed to natural daylight
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Researchers exposed PET plastic fragments to natural sunlight and studied how weathering changed their chemistry and toxicity. They found that sun-aged PET released a more complex mixture of chemicals, including plasticizers and metals like antimony, and became significantly more toxic to marine microalgae and bacteria. The findings highlight that plastic degradation in the environment does not make it harmless but can actually increase the danger posed by leached substances.
Antimony release from e-waste-derived microplastics in aqueous environments: Effect of plastic properties and environmental factors
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Researchers studied how antimony, a toxic element used as a flame retardant in electronics, leaches out of e-waste microplastics into water. They found that smaller particle sizes and UV aging dramatically increased antimony release, with some conditions boosting it by over 600 percent. The study suggests that electronic waste breaking down into microplastics could be a significant and underappreciated source of antimony contamination in aquatic environments.
Leaching behavior and toxic effect of plastic additives as influenced by aging process of microplastics
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This review examined how environmental aging processes affect the leaching behavior and toxicity of plastic additives from microplastics. Researchers found that UV exposure, weathering, and biological degradation alter the physicochemical properties of microplastics, increasing the release of harmful chemical additives and potentially amplifying their toxic effects on organisms in the environment.
Molecular properties of dissolved organic matter leached from microplastics during photoaging process
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Researchers studied the molecular properties of dissolved organic matter that leaches from polyethylene, polypropylene, and PET microplastics during UV-driven photoaging. They found that PET released the most dissolved organic carbon, and that aging transformed protein-like components into humic-like substances. The leachate contained antioxidants, plasticizers, and antimicrobial agents, suggesting that aging microplastics release a complex mix of chemicals into aquatic environments.
Effects of Leachates from UV-Weathered Microplastic in Cell-Based Bioassays
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Chemicals were leached from UV-weathered polyethylene, PET, polypropylene, and polystyrene into artificial seawater, concentrated, and tested in cell-based bioassays for cytotoxicity, AhR/PPARγ activation, estrogenic activity, and other endpoints. UV weathering significantly increased the leaching of bioactive compounds, demonstrating that aged microplastics release more toxic chemicals than pristine plastics.
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