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Effects of nanoplastic exposure on the immunity and metabolism of red crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) based on high-throughput sequencing
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Researchers examined nanoplastic effects on red crayfish using transcriptomics and microbiome analysis, finding that high concentrations suppressed antioxidant and immune responses while significantly altering gut microbial communities.
Previous studies have shown that nanoplastics (NPs) are harmful pollutants that threaten aquatic organisms and ecosystems, however, less research has been conducted on the hazards of NPs for aquaculture animals. In this study, Cherax quadricarinatus was used as an experimental model to evaluate the possible effects of three concentrations (25, 250 and 2500 μg/L) of NPs on red crayfish. The toxicological effects of NPs on this species were investigated based on transcriptomics and microbiome. A total of 67,668 genes were obtained from the transcriptome. The annotation rate of the four major libraries (Nr, KEGG, KOG, Swissprot) was 40.17 %, and the functions of differential genes were mainly related to antioxidant activity, metabolism and immune processes. During the experiment, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the high concentration group were significantly decreased, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased after nanoplastics (NPs) exposure, and SOD1, Jafrac1 were significantly reduced at high concentrations. expression is inhibited. The immune genes LYZ and PPO2 were highly expressed at low concentrations and suppressed at high concentrations. After 14 days of exposure to NPs, significant changes in gut microbiota were observed, such as decreased abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. NPs compromise host health by inducing changes in microbial communities and the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. Overall, these results suggest that NPs affect immune-related gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity in red crayfish and cause redox imbalance in the body, altering the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
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Researchers used histopathology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to show that nanoplastic exposure triggers oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disruption, and caspase-mediated apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of redclaw crayfish, with toxicity increasing in a dose-dependent manner.
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Researchers exposed juvenile red swamp crayfish to nanoplastics at concentrations found in the environment and observed stunted growth, oxidative stress, liver and gill damage, and changes in gene activity. Different concentrations triggered different toxic pathways, including immune disruption and metabolic problems. Since crayfish are a widely consumed freshwater species, these findings raise concerns about nanoplastic contamination in the food supply.
The effect of a polystyrene nanoplastic on the intestinal microbes and oxidative stress defense of the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii
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Researchers tested the acute effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on freshwater crayfish and found that exposure altered the composition of intestinal bacteria and disrupted oxidative stress defenses. Higher concentrations of nanoplastics led to more severe changes in gut microbial diversity and antioxidant enzyme activity. The study adds to growing evidence that nanoplastic pollution can harm the gut health and immune defenses of freshwater organisms.
Accumulation of polyethylene microplastics induces oxidative stress, microbiome dysbiosis and immunoregulation in crayfish
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Researchers exposed crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) to polyethylene microplastics through their diet for 21 days and found that particles accumulated in the intestine, hepatopancreas, gills, and blood, persisting even after a week of depuration in clean water. The accumulated microplastics caused oxidative stress, disrupted the gut microbiome, and altered immune regulation. The study suggests that microplastic exposure may compromise the health and immune defenses of commercially important freshwater crustaceans.
Time-Dependent Polystyrene Nanoplastic Toxicity in Cherax quadricarinatus: Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, and Hepatopancreatic Bioaccumulation
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Scientists exposed crayfish to nanoplastics (tiny plastic particles) for three weeks and found the plastics built up in their liver-like organ nearly 10-fold, while also causing oxidative stress, weakened immune function, and disrupted gut bacteria—all worsening the longer exposure lasted. Since crayfish and similar shellfish are commonly eaten, this raises questions about whether nanoplastic buildup in seafood could pose similar risks to people, though more research is needed to confirm effects in humans.
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