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Bioremediation Potential of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic
Original title: Potensi Bioremediasi Plastik Polietilena Tereftalat
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This Malay-language review examines the bioremediation potential of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic using bacteria, covering four approaches: biofilm-forming bacteria, biosurfactants, biotransformation enzymes, and consortium cultures. PET's durability, crystallinity, and tendency to fragment into microplastics smaller than 5 mm make it a persistent environmental pollutant, especially in aquatic food chains. The review identifies bacterial bioremediation as a promising strategy for addressing PET waste accumulation.
Penghasilan plastik yang mesra ekonomi dan kepelbagaian penggunaannya menyebabkan permintaan terhadap plastik meningkat setiap tahun. Antaranya adalah plastik jenis polietilena tereftalat (PET) yang dihasilkan melalui pempolimeran dua monomer iaituasid tereftalik (TPA) dan etilena glikol (EG). PET menjadi pilihan dalam produk pembungkusan makanan dan minuman kerana cirinya yang tahan haba, tahan lama, mudah dibentuk dan ringan serta kos penghasilan yang murah. Walau bagaimanapun, hal ini telah menjadikan PET sebagai pencemar alam sekitar kerana penggunaannya berjangka pendek dan pakai buang, serta sukar untuk dicuraikan secara semula jadi dan dikitar semula. PET juga berupaya menjadi mendakan kerana mempunyai kehabluran dan ketumpatan yang tinggi seterusnya menghasilkan mikroplastik bersaiz <5 mm yang berpotensi menjadi ancaman kepada rantai makanan. Kaedah bioremediasi antara salah satu alternatif yang boleh dilaksanakan dalam menangani masalah lambakan bahan buangan plastik PET. Justeru, ulasan ini akan membincangkan empat pendekatan bioremediasi dengan penggunaan bakteria sebagai agen biopencurai PET melalui penggunaan (1) bakteria penghasil biofilem, (2) biosurfaktan, (3) biotinjauan secara pendekatan biologi molekul dan (4) aplikasi bio-pembawa yang boleh dilaksanakan dalam menguraikan bahan buangan PET.
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