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Sources and Pathways of Microplastic Translocation in Soil and Plants
Original title: ИСТОЧНИКИ И ПУТИ ТРАНСЛОКАЦИИ МИКРОПЛАСТИКА В ПОЧВЕ И РАСТЕНИЯХ
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This review examines sources and translocation pathways of microplastics in soil and plants across agricultural and other terrestrial ecosystems, discussing how microplastics sorb heavy metals and other pollutants and reviewing evidence for their bioaccumulation in agricultural products and implications for human health.
В обзоре на основании анализа отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников рассматриваются пути и источники миграции микропластика (МП) в агросистемы и другие экосистемы суши и океанов. Дано определение понятий и терминов первичных и вторичных микропластиков, а также ранжирование их по размеру, форме и возрасту и материалу частиц. Отмечается способность микропластиков сорбировать другие загрязнители, в том числе и тяжелые металлы (ТМ), и их воздействие на биоаккумуляцию ТМ в сельскохозяйственных продуктах и здоровье человека. Среди источников поступления МП в почвы особенно выделяется пластиковая мульча, осадки сточных вод, бытовые отходы, ирригационные воды, удобрения. Наряду с благоприятными эффектами отмечаются негативные аспекты пластикового мульчирования. Рассматривается действие различных культур, технологий их выращивания, а также почвенной мезофауны и микробиоты на накопление МП в сельскохозяйственных почвах. Особое внимание уделено негативному действию МП различного состава, в том числе и биоразлагаемого, на рост, физиологические и биохимические свойства и качество продукции сельскохозяйственных культур, а также миграции МП в посевах сельскохозяйственных растений. The review, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications, examines the ways and sources of migration of microplastics (MP) into agricultural systems and other ecosystems of land and oceans. The concepts and terms of primary and secondary microplastics are defined, as well as their ranking by size, shape and age and particle material. The ability of MP to absorb other pollutants, including heavy metals, and their impact on heavy metals bioaccumulation in agricultural products and human health is noted. Among the sources of MP intake into the soil there are plastic mulch, sewage sludge, household waste, irrigation water, fertilizers. Along with the beneficial effects, negative aspects of plastic mulching are noted. The effect of various crops, their cultivation technologies, as well as soil mesofauna and microbiota on the accumulation of MP in agricultural soils is considered. Special attention is paid to the negative effect of MP of various compositions, including biodegradable, on the growth, physiological and biochemical properties, and quality of agricultural products, as well as migration of MP in crops of agricultural plants.
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