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Toxic Effects of Cadmium on Fish
Summary
This review examines how cadmium, a toxic heavy metal released from industrial activities, accumulates in fish tissues and causes widespread organ damage. Researchers found that cadmium affects fish liver, kidneys, gills, and reproductive systems through oxidative stress and disruption of normal cellular processes. The study also discusses the potential risks of cadmium exposure to humans who consume contaminated fish.
Large amounts of enriched cadmium (Cd) in the environment seriously threatens the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry and greatly restricts the development of the food processing industry. Studying the distribution and toxic effects of Cd in fish, as well as the possible toxic effects of Cd on the human body, is very significant. A large number of studies have shown that the accumulation and distribution of Cd in fish are biologically specific, cause tissue differences, and seriously damage the integrity of tissue structure and function, the antioxidant defense system, the reproductive regulation system, and the immune system. The physiological, biochemical, enzyme, molecular, and gene expression levels change with different concentrations and times of Cd exposure, and these changes are closely related to the target sites of Cd action and tissues in fish. Therefore, the toxic effects of Cd on fish occur with multiple tissues, systems, and levels.
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