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Plants oxidative response to nanoplastic
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This review summarized how plants respond to nanoplastic exposure through oxidative stress mechanisms, covering effects on seed germination, root growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Nanoplastics posed greater risks than larger microplastics due to cellular uptake and interference with plant biochemical processes.
Pollution of the environment with plastic is an important concern of the modern world. It is estimated that annually over 350 million tonnes of this material are produced, wherein, despite the recycling methods, a significant part is deposited in the environment. The plastic has been detected in the industrial areas, as well as farmlands and gardens in many world regions. Larger plastic pieces degraded in time into smaller pieces including microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic particles (NP). Nanoplastic is suggested to pose the most serious danger as due to the small size, it is effectively taken up from the environment by the biota and transported within the organisms. An increasing number of reports show that NP exert toxic effects also on plants. One of the most common plant response to abiotic stress factors is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the one hand, these molecules are engaged in cellular signalling and regulation of genes expression. On the other hand, ROS in excess lead to oxidation and damage of various cellular compounds. This article reviews the impact of NP on plants, with special emphasis on the oxidative response.
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Systematic review of 78 studies found that nano- and microplastics commonly cause adverse effects on plants even at environmentally relevant concentrations, with germination and root growth more strongly affected than shoot growth during early development. Chlorophyll levels were consistently reduced while stress indicators (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes were consistently upregulated across species.
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This review summarizes how microplastics and nanoplastics affect plant growth, from blocking seed germination and root development to causing oxidative stress and DNA damage in plant cells. Nanoplastics are small enough to be absorbed by roots and transported to stems, leaves, and even fruits. These findings are concerning for human health because they show that microplastics can enter the food supply through crops, creating a direct pathway for human exposure through plant-based foods.
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This review examines how microplastics and nanoplastics enter plants through roots, disrupt growth and photosynthesis, and cause oxidative stress that reduces crop yields. Because these plastic particles can move through plant tissues and into edible parts, they represent a potential pathway for microplastics to enter the human food supply.
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This review examines how micro and nanoplastics are taken up by plants, covering their toxic effects on growth and gene expression as well as potential detoxification strategies. Smaller nanoplastics can penetrate plant cell walls and accumulate in tissues, causing oxidative stress and genetic damage. The findings are important for human health because contaminated crops could transfer microplastics directly into the food supply.
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This review examines the effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on agricultural plants, covering sources such as plastic mulch films, sewage sludge, and irrigation water, along with uptake mechanisms and observed physiological impacts. Micro- and nanoplastics reduce soil water-holding capacity, inhibit plant growth, cause oxidative stress, and impair seed germination; the smallest particles can enter roots and translocate to shoots via the vascular system. The presence of plastics and their additive chemicals in edible plant tissues raises concerns for both agricultural productivity and food safety.
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