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Korelasi Konsentrasi Mikroplastik dengan Material Padatan Tersuspensi (MPT) di Perairan Delta Sungai Bodri, Kendal, Jawa Tengah
Summary
Researchers examined the correlation between microplastic concentration and total suspended solids in waters of the Bodri River delta in Central Java, Indonesia, collecting 16 water samples across eight stations during both high and low tides in the dry season, finding a relationship between sediment load and microplastic distribution in this coastal system.
The Bodri river flow in Kendal Regency is a transportation route for sedimentary materials, waste disposal or garbage resulting from human activities on land to sea waters. One type of waste that is often found is plastic packaging. Until now, the use of plastic products is still high in society. In the environment, plastic waste (including that used for packaging) is difficult to decompose or degrade, but only fragmented into smaller sizes called microplastics. Microplastics (particle size < 5 mm) are widely distributed throughout aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics are one of the pollutants that can affect the food cycle for organisms in coastal and marine areas. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between the concentration of microplastics and suspended solids (MPT) at high tide and low tide. A total of 16 water samples were taken from eight (8) purposively determined stations. Sampling was carried out in July 2019 (dry season) during high and low tides. The research method used was descriptive quantitative. The concentration of microplastics was determined by the method recommended by NOAA, while the determination of the concentration of MPT was carried out by the gravimetric method. The results showed that the average concentration of microplastics at high tide was 2.207 mg/L compared to 2.615 mg/L at low tide. The average MPT concentration at high tide is 193 mg/L lower than at low tide, which was 419 mg/L. It could be said that the high mean concentration of microplastic and MPT at low tide indicated that more microplastic and MPT sourced from the mainland. By the statistical test using the Pearson correlation method, the relationship between microplastics and MPT was in the weak category. MPT affected the presence of microplastics only by 3.19% (with a coefficient of determination of 0.0319 and a p-value of 0.508). The presence of microplastics was not only caused by the presence of MPT, but was mostly thought to be influenced by other factors. Aliran sungai Bodri di Kabupaten Kendal menjadi jalur transportasi bahan sedimen, buangan limbah atau sampah hasil dari aktivitas manusia di daratan menuju ke perairan laut. Salah satu jenis buangan sampah yang banyak dijumpai adalah plastik kemasan. Sampai sekarang, penggunaan produk plastik masih tinggi di masyarakat. Di lingkungan, sampah plastik (termasuk yang digunakan sebagai kemasan) sulit terurai, tetapi hanya terfragmentasi menjadi ukuran yang lebih kecil yang disebut mikroplastik. Mikroplastik (ukuran partikel < 5 mm) tersebar luas di seluruh ekosistem perairan. Mikroplastik menjadi salah polutan yang dapat mempengaruhi siklus makanan bagi organisme di wilayah pesisir dan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi mikroplastik dengan material padatan tersuspensi (MPT) pada saat pasang dan surut. Sebanyak 16 sampel air diambil dari 8 stasiun yang ditentukan secara purposif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2019 (musim kemarau) saat pasang dan surut. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Konsentrasi mikroplastik ditentukan dengan metode yang direkomendasikan oleh NOAA, sedangkan penentuan konsentrasi MPT dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa rerata konsentrasi mikroplastik saat pasang lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 2,207 mg/L dibandingkan saat surut yaitu sebesar 2,615 mg/L. Rerata konsentrasi MPT saat pasang lebih rendah yaitu sebesar 193 mg/L dibandingkan saat surut yaitu sebesar 419 mg/L. Dapat dikatakan bahwa tingginya nilai rerata konsentrasi mikroplastik dan MPT pada saat surut mengindikasikan kalau mikroplastik dan MPT lebih banyak berasal dari daratan. Dari uji statistik dengan metode korelasi Pearson, hubungan antara mikroplastik dengan MPT termasuk kategori lemah. MPT mempengaruhi keberadaan mikroplastik hanya sebesar 3,19% (dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,0319 dan p-value 0,508). Keberadaan mikroplastik tidak hanya disebabkan oleh adanya MPT, tetapi sebagian besar diduga dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain.
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