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Biodegradation and Biotechnological Approaches for the Control of Plastic Pollution on Land and Ocean
Summary
This review surveys biodegradation and biotechnological approaches for controlling plastic pollution in both terrestrial and marine environments, focusing on microbial and enzymatic pathways for plastic breakdown. Researchers identify promising organisms and highlight the gap between laboratory findings and scalable environmental application.
Nowadays, constantly increasing plastic pollution is the primary area of scientific research worldwide. The excessive use of this synthetic polymer has led to its accumulation in the environment. A large number of marine organisms are at risk because of plastic debris jeopardizing their survival and many are already at the stake of endangerment. The conventional plastic waste management techniques are inadequate as their by-products are also hazardous to environment and oceans. Microbes exposed to plastic waste and producing catalytic enzyme have proved to be one of the finest approaches to tackle this ever-increasing problem of plastic waste. This biodegradation occurs through various steps including biodeterioration and depolymerization. Recent advances in system biology and genetic engineering techniques can pave path towards better plastic degradation. This review highlights the toxic impact of nano and microplastic on environment and ocean and how futuristic research in biodegradation can solve the issue of plastic pollution.