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Secondary PVC microplastics are more toxic than primary PVC microplastics to Oryzias melastigma embryos

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2022 4 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 40 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Xinguo Zhao, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Xinguo Zhao, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Bijuan Chen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Bijuan Chen, Bijuan Chen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Jing Jing, Bin Xia, Bijuan Chen, Baoshan Xing, Xinguo Zhao, Andy M. Booth Bijuan Chen, Bijuan Chen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Yushan Du, Yushan Du, Qi Sui, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Yushan Du, Andy M. Booth Yushan Du, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Liang Wang, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Bijuan Chen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Bijuan Chen, Baoshan Xing, Liang Wang, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Jing Jing, Andy M. Booth Liang Wang, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Baoshan Xing, Xinguo Zhao, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Baoshan Xing, Lin Zhu, Xinguo Zhao, Baoshan Xing, Xinguo Zhao, Baoshan Xing, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Jing Jing, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Bijuan Chen, Bijuan Chen, Bijuan Chen, Andy M. Booth Lin Zhu, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Baoshan Xing, Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Lin Zhu, Lin Zhu, Xinguo Zhao, Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Bijuan Chen, Bijuan Chen, Bijuan Chen, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Xinguo Zhao, Xinguo Zhao, Andy M. Booth Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Andy M. Booth Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Andy M. Booth Baoshan Xing, Xinguo Zhao, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Sun Xuemei, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Sun Xuemei, Baoshan Xing, Keming Qu, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Keming Qu, Lin Zhu, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Bijuan Chen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Bijuan Chen, Baoshan Xing, Xinguo Zhao, Bijuan Chen, Keming Qu, Baoshan Xing, Keming Qu, Keming Qu, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Keming Qu, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Baoshan Xing, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth

Summary

Researchers found that secondary PVC microplastics — irregular fragments resembling those found in marine environments — were more toxic to marine medaka fish embryos than primary microplastics, causing greater mortality, heart rate changes, and developmental malformations by physically restricting oxygen flow.

Polymers

PVC

Body Systems

Cardiovascular Reproductive

Models

Fish other

Study Type Environmental

Although irregular-shaped secondary microplastics (SMP) account for most MPs in marine environments, little is known about their effects on marine organisms. We investigated the embryotoxicity of polyvinyl chloride SMP and primary microplastics (PMP) to the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma using mortality, heart rate, hatching rates, hatching time and malformation as endpoints. This study aimed to determine the physical impacts of MPs and elucidate underlying mechanisms of physical MP toxicity through O2 flow determination and measuring the gene expression involved in embryonic development. PMP were purchased in powder form, while SMP were prepared by milling a pristine PVC plastic water pipe; both were sieved to a size range of 53–106 μm. For the 25 day exposure assay, fertilized O. melastigma eggs were randomly assigned to 6-well plates containing 15 embryos/well. Seawater leachates generated from the PMP and SMP were also studied to account for chemical toxicity. Exposure of marine medaka embryos to PMP and SMP caused a range of negative effects, including changes in heart rate, morphological abnormalities and malformation types. At high exposure concentrations, SMP shortened hatching time and induced more significant teratogenic effects on larvae relative to the PMP. Physical damage from SMP to the chorion surface appears to be the main toxicity mechanism, caused by their irregular shape and reduced aggregation relative to PMP. In contrast, real-time changes in oxygen demonstrated that hypoxia caused by greater PMP adsorption to the chorion surface contributes to their toxicity relative to SMP. Modulation of genes involved in hypoxia-response, cardiac development and hatching confirmed the toxicity mechanisms of PMP and SMP. The chemical contribution to observed toxicity was negligible. Our findings indicate that although PMP exposure can lead to measurable toxic effects, their use underestimates the threat of SMP and they do not necessarily represent the toxic mechanisms observed for SMP. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/426781/document

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