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Evidence of microplastic-mediated transfer of PCB-153 to sea urchin tissues using radiotracers
Summary
Researchers used radiotracer experiments to demonstrate for the first time that PCB-153 adsorbed onto microplastics is bioavailable to sea urchins, with plastic-bound PCBs transferring to sea urchin tissues and confirming microplastics as vectors for persistent organic pollutant transfer.
The present study reports the first experimental microplastic-mediated transfer of a key PCB congener into adult specimens of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Three experiments were conducted to assess whether C-PCB-153 adsorbed onto negatively buoyant microplastics (MPs) (500-600 μm) is bioavailable to the sea urchin: (1) exposure to a low concentration of C-PCB-153 sorbed onto a high number of virgin MPs ("lowPCB highMP" experiment), (2) exposure to a high concentration of C-PCB-153 sorbed onto a relatively low number of virgin MPs ("highPCB lowMP" experiment), and (3) exposure to a low concentration of C-PCB-153 sorbed onto a relatively low number of aged MP ("lowPCB lowMP" experiment). Results showed that the transfer of C-PCB-153 from MPs to sea urchin tissues occurred in each of the three 15-day experiments, suggesting that MPs located on the seafloor may act as vectors of PCB-153 to sea urchins even during short-term exposure events.