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The Analysis of the Mycobiota in Plastic Polluted Soil Reveals a Reduction in Metabolic Ability
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Researchers analyzed soil fungal biodiversity and microbial metabolic profiles at three sites in northern Italy with varying levels of macro- and microplastic contamination, using Biolog EcoPlates for metabolic analysis and metabarcoding of the ITS1 ribosomal cDNA fragment for fungal community characterization. They found a significant decrease in soil microbial metabolic ability at the site with the highest microplastic concentration and distinct fungal community composition between the most pristine and more polluted sites, with Mortierellomycota dominant across all sites.
Plastic pollution is a growing environmental issue that results in its accumulation and persistence in soil for many decades, with possible effects on soil quality and ecosystem services. Microorganisms, and especially fungi, are a keystone of soil biodiversity and soil metabolic capacity. The aim of this research was to study soil fungal biodiversity and soil microbial metabolic profiles in three different sites in northern Italy, where macro- and microplastic concentration in soil was measured. The metabolic analyses of soil microorganisms were performed by Biolog EcoPlates, while the ITS1 fragment of the 18S ribosomal cDNA was used as a target for the metabarcoding of fungal communities. The results showed an intense and significant decrease in soil microbial metabolic ability in the site with the highest concentration of microplastics. Moreover, the soil fungal community composition was significantly different in the most pristine site when compared with the other two sites. The metabarcoding of soil samples revealed a general dominance of Mortierellomycota followed by Ascomycota in all sampled soils. Moreover, a dominance of fungi involved in the degradation of plant residues was observed in all three sites. In conclusion, this study lays the foundation for further research into the effect of plastics on soil microbial communities and their activities.
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Impact of Coexistence of Microplastics and Biochar on the Abundance and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities
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Researchers investigated the effects of polypropylene, polyethylene, and PVC microplastics — alone and in combination with biochar — on soil fungal community structure, diversity, and functional prediction in agricultural soil. Microplastics increased overall fungal abundance but reduced diversity indices, with dominant taxa including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierella, Aspergillus, and Fusarium, and coexistence with biochar amplifying these effects beyond microplastics alone.
The Spatiotemporal Successions of Bacterial and Fungal Plastisphere Communities and Their Effects on Microplastic Degradation in Soil Ecosystems
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Researchers tracked how bacterial and fungal communities colonize microplastic surfaces in soil over time, finding that the surrounding soil type had the strongest influence on which microbes grew on the plastics. The microbial communities on microplastics were less diverse and less stable than those in the surrounding soil, but they attracted microbes with a higher capacity to break down organic carbon. The study suggests that microplastic surfaces become hotspots for carbon metabolism in soil ecosystems.
The Culturable Mycobiota of Sediments and Associated Microplastics: From a Harbor to a Marine Protected Area, a Comparative Study
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Researchers investigated fungal diversity in sediments and microplastic surfaces at three Mediterranean sites with varying anthropogenic impact -- a harbor, a marine protected area, and an intermediate site -- culturing 1,526 isolates and finding that microplastics harbor distinct fungal assemblages compared to surrounding sediments, with several species recorded for the first time in marine environments.
Terrestrial plastisphere as unique niches for fungal communities
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Researchers used 125 laboratory experiments to compare the fungi living on microplastics versus nearby soil, finding that microplastic surfaces host distinct fungal communities enriched in Penicillium and the potentially harmful pathogen Alternaria. These "plastisphere" fungal communities were less shaped by environmental conditions than soil communities, suggesting microplastics may create isolated niches that concentrate certain fungi and potentially reduce local biodiversity.
Impact of Microplastic Pollution on the Structure and Function of Soil Fungal Communities
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Common types of plastic pollution—like those from packaging, bottles, and synthetic fabrics—can seep into soil and change its chemistry, altering the balance of nitrogen and other nutrients that plants need to grow. This study found that these changes also disrupt the fungal communities living in soil, which play a key role in breaking down organic matter and supporting healthy crops. Since soil health directly affects the food we grow, this research is an early warning sign that microplastic pollution could quietly undermine the ecosystems our food supply depends on.
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