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Adverse Outcomes Pathways (AOPs)
Summary
This review examines the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and their application to environmental health risk assessment, including the prediction of microplastic toxicity through data mining approaches. Researchers found that AOPs can support the reduction of animal testing by identifying data gaps and guiding the development of in silico and in vitro tests for toxicity prediction.
This chapter reviews the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), basic principles for the development and assessment of AOPs, the application of AOPs to environmental health risk assessment, and future directions and challenges. The basic principles of AOP development were established through a series of workshops. Like many practices of environmental health risk assessment, AOP development relies on the application of existing information. Broader applications of AOPs to environmental health risk assessment will require determining how AOPs can more fully address the complex reality of how biological systems respond to chemicals and other environmental stressors. A data mining approach has been used to develop AOPs to help predict the toxicity of microplastics. AOPs can support the movement to reduce animal testing by helping to identify important data gaps through the weight of evidence evaluation and indicating how the development and application of specific in silico and in vitro tests can be used to help predict toxicity.