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Protocol for dynamic high-throughput cell death screening of primary phagocytes following microplastic and nanoplastic exposure

STAR Protocols 2025
Tim Leonardus Philip Skrabanja, Joëlle Klazen, Samir G. Sayed, Loes Leonie Francisca Heeren, Giulio Giustarini, Nienke Vrisekoop

Summary

Researchers developed a standardized lab method for testing how micro- and nanoplastics kill immune cells called phagocytes, which the body uses to engulf foreign invaders like bacteria and, potentially, plastic particles. The protocol uses live-cell time-lapse imaging to measure cell death in real time, providing a reproducible tool for studying how plastics harm the immune system.

Body Systems

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) can cross epithelial barriers of the lung and/or intestine into the bloodstream. In the body, phagocytes will be exposed to plastic particles, but they are incapable of degrading them. Here, we present a protocol for high-throughput cell death screening of primary phagocytes following MNP exposure. We describe steps for isolating primary phagocytes, plating these with MNPs, and time-lapse imaging. Further, we explain detailed procedures for image analysis using the IncuCyte S3 live-cell imaging system and analysis software. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Giustarini et al.1.

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