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Microfiber Pollution in the Earth System
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Researchers reviewed the global threat of microfiber pollution, tracing sources from synthetic textiles and laundry, mapping distribution in oceans and atmosphere, and analyzing pathways by which microfibers reach and accumulate in the human body, while proposing sustainable mitigation strategies.
Microfibers, as emerging contaminants, pose a growing threat to the global environment. Microfiber pollution has been one of the hot research topics in environmental science. However, there is no consensus on microfiber definition from ecological and environmental perspectives. The underestimated sources, the distribution in the ocean and the atmosphere, the transport pathway, the potential human exposure, and mitigation strategies of microfibers from a global perspective have not been systemically discussed. So, we aim to discuss and analyze these concerns in this review. Firstly, the definition of microfiber pollutants from the ecological and environmental perspectives is proposed. Secondly, the largest source and some emerging sources of microfibers on the Earth have been explored. Thirdly, the distribution and transmission path of microfibers in the ocean and the atmosphere are discussed. Fourthly, the exposure path of microfibers to the human body is analyzed. Lastly, some applicable measures to control microfiber pollution are proposed from global environmental sustainable development perspectives.
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Researchers reviewed the global spread of microfibers shed from synthetic textiles and other plastic sources, documenting their adverse effects on organisms across multiple ecosystems and highlighting them as an underappreciated but widespread form of plastic pollution.
Microfiber Pollution—A Sustainability Issue
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Researchers reviewed the growing body of evidence on microfiber and microplastic pollution, finding that textiles, tires, and everyday plastic products release billions of particles into the environment that accumulate in soils, water, and living organisms including humans.
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Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental fate, and toxicity of synthetic microfiber pollutants, highlighting how rapid growth in synthetic textile production has dramatically increased microfiber release into air, water, and soil, where they accumulate and pose risks to ecosystems and human health.
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