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Combined negative effects of microplastics and plasticizer DEHP: The increased release of Nets delays wound healing in mice
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Researchers investigated the combined effects of microplastics and the plasticizer DEHP on wound healing in mice and found that co-exposure significantly delayed the healing process. The combination triggered increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which impaired the normal wound repair sequence. The study suggests that simultaneous exposure to microplastics and their associated chemical additives may have compounding negative effects on tissue recovery.
Environmental harmful pollutants microplastics (MPs) and di (2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely residual in the environment, which may cause lesion to multiple apparatus by inducing oxidative stress, threatening the health of human and animals. Neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets) are involved in skin wound healing. Most studies focused on the individual effects of different poisons on animals and ecosystems, but there are few studies on the accumulation and interaction of multiple poisons. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of DEHP and MPs co-exposure on skin wound healing and the formation of Nets. For this purpose, we detected this hypothesis by replicating the DEHP and MPs-exposed skin wound model in mice, as well as the co-culture system of neutrophil and fibroblast. The results displayed that MPs and DEHP exposure delayed skin healing, which was more pronounced in the combined exposure group. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that compared with the DEHP or MPs group, the DEHP+MPs group had more significant oxidative stress, increased Nets release and inflammatory factors, and inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and fibrosis-related factors. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated these phenomena. Through the co-culture system, we confirmed that the overproduction of Nets induced fibroblasts to exacerbate inflammatory responses and inhibit Wnt pathway and fibrosis. Overall, DEHP and MPs can produce synergistic toxic injury in mice skin wounds, and the excessive activation of ROS/Nets can aggravate inflammatory and inhibit fibrosis, resulting in delayed wound healing.
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Combined Negative Effects of Microplastics and Plasticizer DEHP: the Increased Release of Nets Delays Wound Healing
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This study found that exposure to both microplastics and the plasticizer DEHP combined significantly delayed wound healing in mice compared to either substance alone, with the combination causing greater oxidative stress and excessive neutrophil activity that disrupts the normal healing process. The findings suggest that co-exposure to plastic particles and their chemical additives may impair tissue repair, a potential but understudied health risk.
Combined Enterohepatic Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics and Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Mice: Gut Microbiota-Dependent Synergistic Effects
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Researchers investigated the combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and the plasticizer DEHP in mice, focusing on gut-liver axis effects. They found that co-exposure worsened harmful outcomes compared to either pollutant alone, with gut microbiota playing a key mediating role in the synergistic toxicity. The study suggests that microplastics and their associated chemical additives may interact to amplify health risks through disruption of the gut-liver connection.
Early clues and molecular mechanism involved in neurodegenerative diseases induced in immature mice by combined exposure to polypropylene microplastics and DEHP
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Researchers exposed young mice to polypropylene microplastics combined with DEHP, a chemical commonly found in plastics, and observed significant brain damage including memory problems and damage to the hippocampus. The combined exposure was worse than either substance alone, showing additive or synergistic toxic effects on the developing brain. This is particularly concerning for young children, who are most commonly exposed to polypropylene products and may be more vulnerable to these neurotoxic effects.
Polystyrene nanoparticles aggravate the adverse effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on different segments of intestine in mice
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Researchers exposed mice to polystyrene nanoparticles and the plasticizer DEHP simultaneously, finding that co-exposure caused greater intestinal damage — including shorter villi, disrupted tight junctions, and reduced mucus coverage — than either contaminant alone, with gut microbiota alterations likely contributing to the enhanced toxicity.
Combined ecotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increase exposure risks to Mytilus coruscus based on the bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, metabolic profiles, and nutritional interferences
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Researchers exposed hard-shelled mussels to a common plastic additive (DEHP) and polystyrene microplastics together, and found that the microplastics increased how much DEHP accumulated in the animals' digestive organs. The combined exposure disrupted the mussels' antioxidant defenses and altered their metabolic processes more than either pollutant alone. The study suggests that microplastics can amplify the harmful effects of chemical pollutants in marine organisms.
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