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How Plastic Pollution Impacts Aquatic Animals

2023
Erlijn van Genuchten

Summary

This review summarizes how plastic pollution harms aquatic animals, from zooplankton to whales, noting that over 700 species are affected. Microplastics harm aquatic organisms by causing physical blockages, delivering toxic chemicals, and disrupting reproduction — with cascading effects up the food chain to humans who consume seafood.

Plastics are not only harmful to the environment but they also harm aquatic animals. More than 700 species of aquatic organisms have been shown to be impacted by plastics, ranging from tiny animals such as water fleas and shrimps to massive animals such as sharks and whales. This is because microplastics can carry pollutants into aquatic environments, such as chemicals and heavy metals, as well as microorganisms such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Also, the plastic itself can harm animals, for example when it is toxic or when it causes issues with food and nutrient intake. These immediate effects can have far-reaching consequences, for example when plastic enters the food chain and causes animals to swallow plastic when eating other animals.

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