Polytetrafluorethylene Microplastics Mediated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, And Intracellular Signaling Pathway Alteration in Human Derived Cell Lines

Microplastics and nanoplastics in human health: a comprehensive review of exposure pathways, cellular mechanisms, and toxicological implications

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Researchers reviewed human exposure pathways to microplastics and nanoplastics through seafood, salt, drinking water, inhalation, and skin contact, examining how these particles cross biological barriers to reach organs and trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption with poorly understood long-term consequences.

Molecular mechanisms of microplastics toxicity

Co-exposure of polyethylene terephthalate micro- and nanoplastics with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances triggers immune dysregulation, apoptotic activation, and neurotoxicity

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Researchers exposed zebrafish larvae to combined polyethylene terephthalate microplastics and PFOA and found that co-exposure triggered oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, neurological impairment, and metabolic disruption, with gene expression changes indicating additive toxicity beyond either contaminant alone.

Cellular and Animal Toxicities of Micro- and Nanoplastics

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Researchers reviewed evidence from cell and animal studies on the toxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics, finding that these particles can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and organ damage in laboratory models, raising concern about what chronic low-level human exposure might mean for long-term health.

Biochemical Effects of Microplastics on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review

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A comprehensive review documents how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, then reach the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, and reproductive organs, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and genotoxicity. These biochemical pathways link microplastic exposure to serious chronic conditions including metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, reproductive dysfunction, and cancer.