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Distribuição longitudinal, vertical e temporal de microplásticos no Igarapé do Mindu em Manaus, Amazonas
Summary
Researchers analyzed longitudinal, vertical, and temporal distribution of microplastics in the Mindu stream in Manaus, Brazil, finding that urban concentration, stream hydrodynamics, and riparian vegetation all influence microplastic contamination patterns in this Amazonian freshwater system.
Resumo A disposição incorreta de materiais plásticos no meio ambiente, especialmente em corpos hídricos, que os deixa expostos às condições ambientais diversas durante longos períodos, favorece a fragmentação e origina detritos chamados de microplásticos (< 5 mm). Os microplásticos estão presentes em diferentes matrizes ambientais. Em ambientes de água doce, como rios e igarapés, a poluição microplástica tem influência da concentração urbana, hidrodinâmica e vegetação ciliar. Para evidenciar a contaminação por microplásticos no igarapé do Mindu, em Manaus, foram analisadas amostras de água coletadas de dois perfis (superficial e profundidade) de acordo com o regime hidrológico do rio Negro (CPRM, 2020) sob as metodologias de e Cetesb (2011) e Masura et al. (2015). Os resultados confirmaram a poluição microplástica nas águas do igarapé do Mindu, com concentrações em maior evidência para o perfil profundidade (0 a 0,40 g.L-1) comparado ao perfil superficial (0 a 0,12 g.L-1) e destaque para os regimes hidrológicos de enchente e cheia. Quanto às características qualitativas, a análise de espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR-ATR), cujo objetivo é identificar bandas de absorção (cm-1) moldes de polímeros virgens, retornou oito compostos poliméricos, entre os quais se destacam elastômeros, monômeros, agentes umectantes e surfactantes utilizados na fabricação de materiais plásticos. Essas caracterizações realçam os impactos negativos dos microplásticos em corpos hídricos, reforçados por meio da liberação desses compostos para o meio ambiente. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de mais estudos em corpos hídricos urbanos sobre as consequências herdadas da interação entre os microplásticos com os componentes bióticos e abióticos do meio ambiente.
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