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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Human Health Effects Remediation Sign in to save

Comparative ecotoxicity of graphene, functionalized multiwalled CNT and their mixture in freshwater microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus: Analysing the role of oxidative stress

Research Square (Research Square) 2023 5 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 45 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
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Summary

This study compared the ecotoxicity of graphene and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in freshwater organisms, finding that both materials posed risks to aquatic life, with toxicity varying by material type and organism. The findings highlight the environmental hazards posed by the growing use of carbon-based nanomaterials.

Study Type Environmental

Abstract Due to their remarkable properties, the applications of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as graphene and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) are increasing. These CNMs can enter the freshwater environment via numerous routes potentially exposing various organisms. The current study assesses the effects of graphene, f-MWCNTs, and their binary mixture on the freshwater algal species Scenedesmus obliquus . The concentration for the individual materials was kept at 1 mg L − 1 , while for the mixture, both graphene and f-MWCNTs were taken at 0.5 mg L − 1 each. Both the CNMs caused a decrease in cell viability, esterase activity, and photosynthetic efficiency in the cells. The cytotoxic effects were accompanied by an increase in hydroxyl and superoxide radical generation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Graphene was more toxic compared to f-MWCNTs. The binary mixture of the pollutants demonstrated a synergistic enhancement of the toxic potential. The oxidative stress generation played a critical role in toxicity responses, as noted by a strong correlation between the physiological parameters and the biomarkers of oxidative stress. The outcomes from this study emphasize the significance of considering the combined effects of various CNMs as part of a thorough evaluation of ecotoxicity in freshwater organisms.

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