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Caracterización del aislado fúngico 2 (C2) capaz de utilizar polímeros celulósicos y plásticos como fuente de carbono
Summary
Researchers characterized a fungal isolate (C2) from a consortium capable of growing on cellulosic polymers and plastics including PET, investigating its potential for plastic biodegradation via enzymatic mechanisms. The study advances understanding of how specific fungal strains can utilize synthetic polymers as carbon sources for ecologically sustainable plastic degradation.
Los plásticos han revolucionado la vida moderna, pero la acumulación en los diferentes ecosistemas han generado una crisis de contaminación global impulsada por nuestra dependencia y demanda de materiales desechables de bajo costo. La biodegradación de polímeros plásticos por hongos, mediante enzimas que los biodegradan es un desafío, sin embargo, es una opción atractiva y ecológica. En este sentido, previamente se obtuvo un consorcio fúngico capaz de crecer en tereftalato de polietileno (PET) y se caracterizó el crecimiento de uno de los aislados fúngicos (C2) en diferentes polímeros celulósicos y plásticos como única fuente de carbono. Los resultados indican un crecimiento diferencial en distintos medios de cultivo, destacando su crecimiento óptimo en medio líquido MEA a pH 5.5 y en medio sólido PDA pH 5.6, donde alcanzó el mayor crecimiento radial y presentó características morfológicas distintivas. Durante su cultivo en MMMs adicionado con diferentes fuentes de carbono (polímeros celulósicos o plásticos), se indujeron actividades enzimáticas como β-glucosidasa, celobiosidasa y esterasa, que se secretan al medio de cultivo en función del polímero utilizado como fuente de carbono. La identificación de las condiciones óptimas para su crecimiento representa un paso clave en la caracterización del hongo y en la validación de su posible uso como agente biodegradador en entornos contaminados por polímeros. Estos resultados sugieren que C2 es viable para estudios posteriores enfocados en la biodegradación de polímeros celulósicos y plásticos,fortaleciendo su posible aplicación en procesos de mejoramiento ambiental.
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