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Microplastics in Wastewater
Summary
This review examines microplastic detection, occurrence, and removal across wastewater treatment plant stages, finding that while treatment plants are a major source of microplastic pollution, no standardized detection protocols exist and removal efficiency remains inconsistent across facilities.
Mircoplasics (MPs), an emerging pollutant derived from then human daily life and industry activities and widely detected in ecosystem. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a special role in the mass flow of MPs as it is one of the main point source of pollution. It is also to be noted the MPs from wastewater plays a vital role by discharge into the environment. Therefore, effective detection of the MPs and understanding their occurrence and fate in WWTPs are great importance towards MPs control. In this review, based on the current knowledge comparison is made on detection, occurrence, analysis and removal of MPs at different stages of WWTP. The crucial characteristics such as shape, size, concentration, polymer identification, removal efficiency are also presented and compared. Due to the continuous disposal of MPs in the environment, separation and identification techniques have been assessed by several researchers, but unfortunately, there are no standard protocols for them. The key challenge appears to be a harmonize detection method as well as micro plastics mitigation from wastewater at different treatment stages of WWTPs.