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Karakteristik Mikroplastik Di Perairan Pulau Tengah, Karimunjawa
Summary
Researchers investigated microplastic characteristics at Pulau Tengah in the Karimunjawa waters of Indonesia, sampling at four stations using plankton nets and analyzing particle abundance, morphology under stereo microscopy, and polymer type via FTIR spectroscopy to characterize contamination in this tropical marine environment.
Abstrak Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik berukuran mikro (<5 mm). Ukurannya yang kecil dan ketahanannya yang lama menyebabkan mikroplastik berbahaya jika terakumulasi di dalam tubuh makhluk hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasikan karakteristik mikroplastik yang berada di Pulau Tengah, Karimunjawa. Sampel mikroplastik diambil pada 12 April 2021 di 4 stasiun. Sampel air laut diambil menggunakan plankton net dan diukur parameter fisika dan kimianya. Sampel kemudian dilarutkan dalam larutan etanol 96%, H2O2 30%, selanjutnya disaring menggunakan vacuum pump untuk didapatkan partikel mikroplastik. Partikel mikroplastik diamati kelimpahan dan bentuknya menggunakan mikroskop stereo, lalu dianalisis jenis polimernya dengan alat FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan total mikroplastik yang terdapat di perairan Pulau Tengah sebesar 142,44 partikel/m3. Jenis mikroplastik dalam sampel air laut adalah fiber, fragment, film, dan pellets. Warna mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah hitam, biru, merah, cokelat, kuning, tranparant, dan hijau. Hasil Uji FT-IR jenis polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah Nitril, HDPE, LDPE, PVA, dan PP. Mikroplastik berbentuk fragmen paling banyak ditemukan di semua stasiun, dengan kelimpahan 90,3 partikel/m3 dan mikroplastik berwarna hitam paling banyak ditemukan, dengan kelimpahan 74,1 partikel/m3. Mikroplastik yang berada di Perairan Pulau Tengah memiliki potensi untuk mengkontaminasi terumbu karang yang berada di sekitar perairan tersebut.Kata kunci : Pulau Tengah, Mikroplastik, Kelimpahan, FTIRAbstractMicroplastics are micro-sized plastic particles (<5 mm). Its small size and long durability make microplastics dangerous if they accumulate in the body of living things. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of microplastics in Central Island, Karimunjawa. Microplastic samples were taken on April 12, 2021 at 4 stations. Sea air samples were taken using a plankton net and measured physical and chemical parameters. The sample was then dissolved in 96% ethanol solution, 30% H2O2, then filtered using a vacuum pump to obtain microplastic particles. Microplastic particles were observed and their shape using a stereo microscope, then the type of polymer was analyzed by means of FTIR. The results showed that the total microplastic found in the waters of Central Island was 142.44 particles/m3. The types of microplastics in seawater samples are fiber, fragment, film, and pellet. The colors of the microplastics found were black, blue, red, brown, yellow, transparent, and green. The results of the FT-IR test of the types of microplastic polymers found were Nitrile, HDPE, LDPE, PVA, and PP. Microplastics in the form of fragments were found at all stations, with 90.3 particles/m3 and black microplastics were the most commonly found, with 74.1 particles/m3. Microplastics in Central Island waters have the potential to contaminate coral reefs around these waters.Keywords : Central Island, Microplastics, Abundance, FTIR