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Koja je cijena pušenja? – Opasnosti za okoliš

Kemija u industriji 2023 Score: 30 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Ana Ćurić, Katarina Muzica, Ivana Runjak, Daniela Vasiljević, Martina Miloloža, Dajana Kučić Grgić

Summary

This Croatian paper reviews the environmental hazards of cigarette butt litter, noting that approximately 80% of cigarette butts are discarded into the environment. Cigarette filters are made from cellulose acetate, a polymer that degrades slowly and leaches toxic chemicals into soil and water. The authors discuss biodegradable filter alternatives as a strategy to reduce plastic pollution from tobacco products.

Konzumiranje duhanskih proizvoda ne predstavlja samo zdravstveni već i važan ekološki problem. U prosjeku je oko 80 % opušaka odbačeno u okoliš. Najveći problem odbačenih opušaka su kemijski spojevi koji su štetni za ljude i okoliš te filtri koji se sporo razgrađuju u prirodi. Klasične cigarete imaju filtar napravljen od celuloznog acetata, odnosno polimernog materijala, koji nije biorazgradiv. Celulozni filtri su alternativa polimernim filtrima jer su biorazgradivi, te samim time i manje štetni za okoliš i organizme. Električne cigarete su alternativa klasičnim cigaretama zbog jednostavnijeg sastava i zbog pretpostavke da je to zdravija opcija, a ujedno je izbjegnut i problem zaostalih opušaka. Odbačene opuške možemo primijetiti u svakodnevnom životu. Pomoću vjetra i oborina transportiraju se s kopna u vodeni okoliš te još dugi niz godina otpuštaju štetne kemikalije, a s vremenom potonu na dno. Svrha ovog rada bila je razmotriti štetan učinak odbačenih opušaka na okoliš pomoću testova ekotoksičnosti. Istraženi su radovi koji ispituju ekotoksičnost na morskim i slatkovodnim vrstama u vodenom ekosustavu (bentos, plankton, nekton), kao i na kopnenim organizmima (biljke, beskralješnjaci, kralješnjaci). Istraživanja na vodenim organizmima pokazuju osjetljivost na štetne spojeve koji se nalaze u odbačenim opušcima. Također, odbačeni opušci negativno utječu i na kopneni ekosustav, što je ustanovljeno istraživanjima na mikrobiološkim zajednicama u tlu te biljkama, beskralješnjacima i kralješnjacima. Zaključno, potrebno je informirati pušače o štetnosti odbačenih opušaka u okoliš te ih educirati o pravilnom odlaganju opušaka. Štoviše, problem se može dodatno smanjiti provedbom recikliranja opušaka.

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