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The effect of environmental stressors on growth in fish and its endocrine control
Summary
This review examines how environmental stressors, including pollution and climate change, affect fish growth through hormonal disruption. Pollutants like microplastics and heavy metals can interfere with the growth hormone system, leading to stunted development and reproductive problems in fish. These effects on fish health are relevant to humans because they can reduce the quality and safety of fish as a food source.
Fish body growth is a trait of major importance for individual survival and reproduction. It has implications in population, ecology, and evolution. Somatic growth is controlled by the GH/IGF endocrine axis and is influenced by nutrition, feeding, and reproductive-regulating hormones as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, oxygen levels, and salinity. Global climate change and anthropogenic pollutants will modify environmental conditions affecting directly or indirectly fish growth performance. In the present review, we offer an overview of somatic growth and its interplay with the feeding regulatory axis and summarize the effects of global warming and the main anthropogenic pollutants on these endocrine axes.
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