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Identification of microplastics in the sewage treatment plant in a higher education institution

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Researchers examined microplastics in the effluent and screening residues of a Brazilian university wastewater treatment plant. The study found microplastics present in both raw sewage and treated effluent, confirming that conventional treatment does not fully remove these particles before water is discharged. This highlights sewage systems as an underappreciated pathway for microplastic contamination reaching the environment.

A ampla utilização do plástico no mundo, em suas diferentes formas, cores, tamanhos e densidades, gera resíduos, os quais são intemperizados a dimensões inferiores a 5 mm, formando os denominados microplásticos (MP). Esses contaminantes podem ser encontrados, nos efluentes de estações de tratamento de águas residuárias e, em diversos alimentos presentes na dieta humana, como mel, açúcar, sal, cerveja, vinho, refrigerantes, leite, etc. Atualmente a contaminação por MPs é um desafio para a ciência e para a gestão ambiental pública. Estima-se que até 2050 sejam lançados no ambiente 12 bilhões de toneladas de resíduos plásticos. Diante disso, objetivou-se neste estudo verificar a presença e identificar MPs, nos resíduos de grade retidos no tratamento preliminar (afluente bruto, bem como no efluente de saída dos filtros biológicos aerados (FBAS) da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). O método empregado, para a extração do MP do resíduo de grade, foi mediante digestão da matéria orgânica da amostra com o auxílio de peróxido de hidrogênio (H²O²) e subsequente flotação do material em meio aquoso salino (NaCl). Para a detecção do microplástico, nos afluentes bruto e de saída, utilizou-se o método de filtração direta, para a retenção das partículas em papel de filtro qualitativo com gramatura de 180 gramas, para possibilitar a maior retirada da turbidez da solução e posterior clarificação do material de suspensão, possibilitando melhor identificação do precipitado, utilizando-se Lupa. Foram identificados, nos resíduos de grade (lodo primário), filamentos, fragmentos, fibras e partículas disformes de MPs. No Afluente bruto e no Efluente de saída dos filtros biológicos aerados (FBAS), foram identificados filamentos e fragmentos de MPs. Os resultados das análises obtidos indicaram a presença de polietileno (PE).

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