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A review on emerging micro and nanoplastic pollutants, heavy metals and their remediation techniques
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This review examines micro- and nanoplastic pollutants alongside heavy metal contamination, surveying their presence in water, soil, and biological tissues including human blood, and evaluating current remediation techniques for removing these emerging pollutants from wastewater.
Plastics have become one of the most concerning pollutants today. They are non-biodegradable and potentially carcinogenic and lead to the generation of microplastics categorised as an emerging pollutant. Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 microns in size. They are reported in various parts of the biosphere including human blood and tissues of various organs. Industrial and domestic effluents are two major contributing sources of microplastics in the ecosystem. A large volume of microplastics escape from the filtration processes of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This review studies the various removal methods for these pollutants in large-scale as well as lab-scale models and the present state of art facilities available to deal with it.
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Microplastic remediation technologies in water and wastewater treatment processes: Current status and future perspectives
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This review covers the main technologies for removing microplastics from water and wastewater, including membrane filtration, chemical coagulation, adsorption, biological methods, and advanced oxidation. Each method has trade-offs between effectiveness, cost, and environmental impact, and no single approach removes all microplastics completely. The review emphasizes the urgent need for better removal methods since microplastics have already been detected in human blood and infant feces.
Efficient Microplastic Remediation through Best Possible Strategies
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Microplastics are now found everywhere from human blood to the deep ocean, acting as carriers that concentrate heavy metals and other toxic chemicals and deliver them into food chains. This review surveys current removal technologies — from advanced filtration to biological degradation — and argues that closing wastewater treatment gaps and tracking microplastics across ecosystems are urgent priorities for protecting human and environmental health.
Current approaches, and challenges on identification, remediation and potential risks of emerging plastic contaminants: A review
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This review covered current identification and remediation approaches for micro- and nanoplastic contamination in marine, terrestrial, and biological environments, discussing challenges in detection, the risks of geographic dispersion, and emerging remediation strategies.
Micro/Nanoplastic Toxicity on Aquatic Life: Fate, Effect and Remediation Strategy Treatment: A Review on Possible Solution Scenarios for Bioremediation in Real Wastewater Treatment
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Researchers review the fate and toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on aquatic life, and evaluate bioremediation strategies — including microorganism- and plant-based approaches — as potential solutions for removing plastic particles in real-world wastewater treatment scenarios.
Micro (nano) plastics in wastewater: A critical review on toxicity risk assessment, behaviour, environmental impact and challenges
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Researchers reviewed the sources, detection methods, toxicity, environmental fate, and wastewater treatment options for micro- and nanoplastics, finding that nanoplastics are especially persistent and toxic due to their large surface area and ability to carry co-pollutants, and identifying key research gaps in quantification, degradation mechanisms, and sensor development.
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