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Artificial Wetlands: Current Trends and Prospects
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This analysis examines how artificial wetlands combining hydraulic structures with macrophytes can be designed to capture microplastics from stormwater runoff in urban areas before they enter natural water bodies. Nature-based solutions like constructed wetlands offer a scalable approach for reducing microplastic loads in urban waterways, which are a primary pathway for plastic pollution reaching drinking water sources and marine environments.
New directions and trends in nature protection hydraulic engineering are analyzed. The combined use of hydraulic structures, various treatment approaches, and the aesthetic properties of macrophytes, allows the creation of effective systems for preventing the pollution of water bodies with such new types of pollutants as microplastics. This is especially true for urban areas where high concentrations of microplastics are observed in stormwater, along with a social need to create green areas.
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Performance of Wetland in Pollutant Removal: a Review
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A bibliometric analysis of nearly three decades of research found that wetland-based pollutant removal studies have surged fivefold since 2010, with growing focus on emerging contaminants like microplastics alongside traditional concerns like heavy metals and nutrients. Understanding wetlands as natural filtration systems is increasingly important as microplastics and other pollutants overwhelm conventional wastewater treatment plants.
Effects of Operating Water Level Regulation on the Microplastic Distribution in Constructed Wetlands
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Experiments in free water surface constructed wetlands showed that higher operating water levels significantly improved microplastic removal efficiency — up to 70% in summer — by promoting particle settling and reducing resuspension of larger fragments. Optimizing water management in constructed wetlands offers a cost-effective, ecologically integrated approach to reducing microplastic discharge from treated wastewater into downstream aquatic environments.
Microplastics in Wetland Ecosystem: A Complex Nexus and Way Forward
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This review examines the distribution, fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in wetland ecosystems, which serve as both sinks and potential secondary sources of microplastic contamination. Wetlands filter water supplies and support biodiversity, so microplastic accumulation there directly threatens aquatic food webs, drinking water quality, and the communities that depend on these ecosystems.
Microplastics can Alter the Nitrogen Cycle in Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands
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Both conventional PVC and biodegradable PLA microplastics disrupted nitrogen cycling in constructed wetlands, with PVC causing ammonium accumulation and PLA acting as a carbon source, while both enhanced biofilm formation and enzyme activities at higher concentrations. These polymer-specific effects on nitrogen dynamics reveal that microplastic contamination poses distinct and complex threats to the water treatment functions of natural and engineered wetlands.
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