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Graphene and gold nanoparticle-based bionanocomposite for the voltammetric determination of bisphenol A in (micro)plastics

Chemosphere 2023 34 citations

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Researchers developed a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor using graphene and gold nanoparticles to detect bisphenol A leaching from plastics and microplastics in water. The sensor achieved very low detection limits and worked reliably in real water samples. This tool could help environmental scientists and regulators better monitor harmful chemical release from plastic pollution in freshwater and marine environments.

Polymers
Body Systems
Study Type Environmental

The monitoring of endocrine disruptors in the environment is one of the main strategies in the investigation of potential risks associated with exposure to these chemicals. Bisphenol A is one of the most prevalent endocrine-disrupting compounds and is prone to leaching out from polycarbonate plastic in both freshwater and marine environments. Additionally, microplastics also can leach out bisphenol A during their fragmentation in the water environment. In the quest for a highly sensitive sensor to determine bisphenol A in different matrices, an innovative bionanocomposite material has been achieved. This material is composed of gold nanoparticles and graphene, and was synthesized using a green approach that utilized guava (Psidium guajava) extract for reduction, stabilization, and dispersion purposes. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed well-spread gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 31 nm on laminated graphene sheets in the composite material. An electrochemical sensor was developed by depositing the bionanocomposite onto a glassy carbon surface, which displayed remarkable responsiveness towards bisphenol A. Experimental conditions such as the amount of graphene, extract: water ratio of bionanocomposite and pH of the supporting electrolyte were optimized to improve the electrochemical performance. The modified electrode displayed a marked improvement in current responses for the oxidation of bisphenol A as compared to the uncovered glassy carbon electrode. A calibration plot was established for bisphenol A in 0.1 mol L Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 4.0), and the detection limit was determined to equal to 15.0 nmol L. Recovery data from 92 to 109% were obtained in (micro)plastics samples using the electrochemical sensor and were compared with UV-vis spectrometry, demonstrating its successful application with accurate responses.

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