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Biochar-layered double hydroxide composites for the adsorption of tetracycline from water. Synthesis, Process Modeling and Mechanism
Summary
Researchers developed biochar-layered double hydroxide composites to remove the antibiotic tetracycline from water, finding high adsorption efficiency through multiple interaction mechanisms. This material offers a promising approach to cleaning pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater.
Abstract In this study, the MgFeCa layered double hydroxides was supported in biochar (B) using co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and co-pyrolysis methods. The prepared B-MgFeCa composites were investigated for tetracycline (TC) adsorption from an aqueous solution. The B-MgFeCa composites synthesized through co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods exhibited better crystallinity, functional groups, and well-developed LDH structure within the biochar matrix. However, the co-pyrolysis method resulted in the LDH structure breakage, leading to the low crystalline composite material. The maximum adsorption of TC onto all B-MgFeCa was obtained at an acidic pH range (4-5). The B-MgFeCa composites produced via hydrothermal and co-pyrolysis methods showed higher and faster TC adsorption than the co-precipitation method. The kinetic results can be better described by Langmuir kinetic and mixed order models at low and high TC concentrations, indicating that the rate-limiting step is mainly associated with active binding sites adsorption. The Sip and Freundlich models showed better fitting with the equilibrium data. The TC removal by B-MgFeCa composites prepared via hydrothermal and co-pyrolysis was mainly dominated by physical and chemical interactions. The composite obtained via the co-precipitation method adsorbed TC through chemical bonding between surface functional groups with anionic species of TC molecule. The B-MgFeCa composite showed excellent reusability performance for upto five cycles with only 30% decrease in TC removal efficiency. The results demonstrated that B-MgFeCa composites could be used as promsing sorbent material for effective wastewater treatment.
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