Sol–Gel Silica Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Parts Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology

Metal additive manufacturing is a rapidly growing field based on the fabrication of complex parts with improved performance. The advantages of using this technology include the production of shapes that cannot be produced by traditional machining technologies, the possibility of using trabecular reinforcing structures, and the ability to make parts with topological optimization that allow for increased performance and decreased mass of the parts produced. Metal parts produced by selective laser melting technology exhibit high surface roughness, which limits their direct implementation. Corrosion protection of these surfaces is difficult, especially for galvanic processes. This paper analyzes the possibility of using sol–gel silica (silicon oxide) coatings to effectively protect various surfaces of aluminum alloys produced by selective laser melting technology. Silicon oxide sol–gel protective coatings have demonstrated excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance, being able to be applied in very thin layers. These properties make them excellent candidates for protecting additive-manufactured metal parts, especially as-built surfaces with a high surface roughness. Nanostructured silica sol–gel protective coatings have demonstrated excellent corrosion resistance and have the potential to replace the highly toxic chromium-based galvanic treatments. Using nanostructured silica sol–gel coatings, aluminum parts can be seamlessly integrated into circular-economy cycles.