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Degradation of a New Herbicide Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl in Water: Kinetics, Various Influencing Factors and Its Reaction Mechanisms
Summary
This study examined how microplastics and disposable face masks affect the hydrolysis of a novel herbicide, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, in water. The presence of microplastics and mask-derived plastic leachates altered the hydrolysis rate and changed the breakdown products and pathways of the herbicide. The findings indicate that microplastic pollution in aquatic environments can modify the fate and transformation of pesticides, potentially creating unexpected chemical combinations and complicating environmental risk assessments.
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel herbicide used to control weeds in paddy fields. To clarify and evaluate its hydrolytic behavior and safety in water environments, its hydrolytic characteristics were investigated under varying temperatures, pH values, initial mass concentrations and water types, as well as the effects of 40 environmental factors such as microplastics (MPs) and disposable face masks (DFMs). Meanwhile, hydrolytic products were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and its hydrolytic pathways were proposed. The effects of MPs and DFMs on hydrolytic products and pathways were also investigated. The results showed that hydrolysis of florpyrauxifen-benzyl was a spontaneous process driven by endothermic, base catalysis and activation entropy increase and conformed to the first-order kinetics. The temperature had an obvious effect on hydrolysis rate under alkaline condition, the hydrolysis reaction conformed to Arrhenius formula, and activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibbs free energy were negatively correlated with temperature. Most of environmental factors promoted hydrolysis of florpyrauxifen-benzyl, especially the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The hydrolysis mechanism was ester hydrolysis reaction with a main product of florpyrauxifen. The MPs and DFMs did not affect the hydrolytic mechanisms but the hydrolysis rate. The results are crucial for illustrating and assessing the environmental fate and risks of florpyrauxifen-benzyl.