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Analysis of the Relationship Between Microplastic Abundance and the Presence of Plastic Waste in the Mahakam River, Muara Kaman District
Original title: Analisis Keterkaitan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik Dengan Keberadaan Sampah Plastik Di Sungai Mahakam, Kecamatan Muara Kaman
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Indonesian-language research linked the abundance of plastic debris in the Mahakam River to the concentration of microplastics in the water, confirming that larger plastic waste is a direct source of microplastic contamination in this river system. The study supports the importance of plastic litter control as a strategy to reduce microplastic pollution.
Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik berukuran ≤ 5 mm dan temasuk ke dalam limbah berbahaya dikarenakan memiliki sifat persisten, mengandung senyawa kimia toksik, dan bersifat karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara keberadaan sampah plastik dengan kandungan mikroplastik yang terdapat pada air Sungai Mahakam, Kecamatan Muara Kaman. Analisis sampel air dimulai dengan tahap penyaringan awal menggunakan plankton net, sampel kemudian ditambahkan NaCl dan didiamkan selama 12 jam. Setelah 12 jam sampel pada bagian atas wadah diambil dan ditambahkan Fe(II) (0,05 M) dan H2O2 30% dan dipanaskan menggunakan magnetic stirrer selama 30 menit, sampel kemudian disaring menggunakan kertas saring dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven selama 1 jam untuk selanjutnya diamati menggunakan mikroskop. Sampel kemudian diuji menggunakan FTIR. Sampel sampah diambil mengacu pada metode CSIRO. Sampel sampah yang diperoleh dikelompokkan sesuai dengan kode plastik yang tertera dan dihitung persentasenya. Hasil analisis ditemukan nilai kelimpahan mikroplastik terbesar yakni 14 partikel/L, kemudian uji FTIR menunjukkan pendugaan terdapatnya plastik jenis Nylon dan PTFE. Sampah plastik yang ditemukan didominasi jenis PET, dan korelasi antara keberadaan sampah plastik dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik menunjukan nilai fluktuatif dikarenakan beberapa faktor seperti aktivitas warga sekitar, waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk proses degradasi sampah plastik menjadi mikroplastik, serta persebaran mikroplastik yang dipengaruhi aliran sungai.
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