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Multiple species ingest microplastic but few reflect sediment and water pollution on sandy beaches: A baseline for biomonitoring
Summary
Researchers surveyed 45 species on sandy beaches and found that while many animals ingest microplastics, only a small fraction of species ingested them in proportion to how polluted the surrounding water and sediment actually were. This means choosing the right "biomonitor" species matters enormously — most animals are poor proxies for actual pollution levels. The study provides a critical baseline for designing reliable coastal microplastic monitoring programs.
Databases recording the ingestion of microplastics by marine animals are growing. This is also recurrent on sandy beaches, where different biomonitors have been proposed to monitor the impacts of plastic pollution. We aimed to record the occurrence of suspected microplastic (SMP) in the digestive tract of multiple taxa (n = 45 identified species) and test whether some macroinvertebrates and fishes ingested SMPs proportionally with the pollution level of sediment and water; thus, we aimed to depict which sandy beach species could be used as biomonitors. Among all taxa, 10 macroinvertebrates and 12 fish species were reported to ingest SMP for the first time. SMP morphotypes proportion differed between abiotic and biotic compartments. Moreover, 10 of 12 taxa did not have SMP concentration linearly related with SMP in sediment and water. Our findings suggest that few species from sandy beaches can be used as efficient biomonitors, although almost all ingest plastic polymers.