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Effects of biofilm on the fate and behavior of microplastics in aquatic environment
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Investigation of microplastic biofilm communities originated from freshwater
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Microplastic surfaces in freshwater develop biofilm communities structurally distinct from surrounding water, with specific bacterial taxa dominating depending on whether conditions are nutrient-rich or ambient, regardless of plastic polymer type. These unique MP-associated microbial communities matter because they can alter nutrient cycling, harbor potential pathogens, and serve as vehicles for spreading antimicrobial resistance through aquatic ecosystems.
Biofilms on microplastic surfaces and their effect on pollutant adsorption in the aquatic environment
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Researchers reviewed how microbial biofilms form on microplastic surfaces in aquatic environments and found that these biofilms significantly alter plastic properties — changing density, surface chemistry, and hydrophobicity — which in turn affects how microplastics attract and transport heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and harmful pathogens through water systems.
Impacts of Biofilm Formation on the Physicochemical Properties and Toxicity of Microplastics: A Concise Review
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Researchers reviewing biofilm formation on microplastics found that microbial colonization alters the particles' surface chemistry, density, and pollutant adsorption capacity, ultimately affecting how microplastics are ingested by organisms and how they influence nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of Biofouling on the Sinking Behavior of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments
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Biofouling—the colonization of microplastics by microorganisms and algae—significantly alters the sinking behavior of plastic particles in aquatic environments, causing them to transport deeper into water columns and sediments. This process affects where microplastics ultimately accumulate, influencing their bioavailability to marine organisms and potential entry into food chains.
Effects of Biofouling on the Sinking Behavior of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments
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Biofouling — the colonization of microplastic surfaces by microorganisms — significantly alters particle density, causing buoyant plastics to sink and subsequently resurface as biofilm is lost, driving complex vertical transport dynamics in aquatic environments. This cycling behavior disperses microplastics throughout the water column and into sediments where they can be ingested by benthic organisms, expanding the ecological footprint of plastic pollution well beyond the ocean surface.
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