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Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Biochar Application in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
Summary
This chapter reviews how biochar — a carbon-rich material made from organic waste — can remove microplastics, heavy metals, and organic pollutants from wastewater and sludge. Biochar is presented as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly treatment option compared to conventional technologies.
Contamination of wastewater and sludge has become a major environmental concern in recent years. Wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) represent important sources of microplastics, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate that biochar can be an environmentally friendly and economically viable alternative to other conventional technologies for treating polluted wastewater and sludge. The fundamentals of life cycle assessment (LCA) related to biochar applications in wastewater and sludge treatments are discussed together with technical and economic insights.
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