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Performance of a gross pollutant trap-biofilter and sand filter treatment train for the removal of organic micropollutants from highway stormwater (field study)
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A field study evaluated how well a gross pollutant trap combined with a biofilter and sand filter removed organic micropollutants including PAHs, petroleum hydrocarbons, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A from urban stormwater runoff in Sweden.
This field study assessed the occurrence, event mean concentrations (EMCs), and removal of selected organic micro-pollutants (OMPs), namely, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), nonylphenol (NP), 4-t-octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA), in a gross pollutant trap (GPT)-biofilter/sand filter stormwater treatment train in Sundsvall, Sweden. The effects of design features of each treatment unit, including pre-sedimentation (GPT), sand filter medium, vegetation, and chalk amendment, were investigated by comparing the units' removal performances. Overall, the treatment train removed most OMPs from highway runoff effectively. The results showed that although the sand filter provided moderate (<50 % for phenolic substances) to high (50-80 % for PAHs and PHCs) removal of OMPs, adding a vegetated soil layer on top of the sand filter considerably improved the removal performance (by at least 30 %), especially for BPA, OP, and suspended solids. Moreover, GTP did not contribute to the treatment significantly. Uncertainties in the removal efficiencies of PAHs and PHCs by the filter cells increased substantially when the ratio of the influent concentration to the limit of quantification decreased. Thus, accounting for such uncertainties due to the low OMP concentrations should be considered when evaluating the removal performance of biofilters.
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Researchers monitored organic pollutants in highway stormwater runoff and a treatment system in real time, finding that pollution levels varied unpredictably within storm events — with sand filters occasionally releasing brief spikes of PAHs and hormone-disrupting chemicals above safe thresholds, highlighting gaps in current stormwater treatment approaches.
Occurrence and concentrations of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in highway stormwater: a comparative field study in Sweden
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Researchers measured a wide range of chemical pollutants in stormwater runoff from a Swedish highway, finding that bisphenol-A (BPA), certain plasticizers, and several carcinogenic compounds exceeded safe environmental levels. The study highlights that road runoff is a significant source of toxic micropollutants entering freshwater systems.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.