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Pair‐Resolved Fe–M Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Programmed PMS Activation: Mechanisms, Membrane Confinement, and Standardized Benchmarks
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This review examined iron-based dual-atom catalysts (Fe-M DACs) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, a system relevant to advanced oxidation of water contaminants including microplastics. The authors provide a pair-resolved analysis of how metal pairings determine reaction pathways and treatment selectivity.
Fe-based dual-atom catalysts (Fe-M DACs) are redefining peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by enabling programmable switching between radical and non-radical routes. This Review synthesizes recent progress through a pair-resolved lens (Fe-Co, Fe-Mo, Fe-Fe, Fe-Ni), linking µ-peroxo bridging and spin/electronic coupling to pathway selection, pollutant selectivity, and stability. A co-selection matrix distinguishes literature testing preferences from true performance correlations, while a BPA case study maps metal-dependent route bifurcation (phenoxy-radical/interfacial electron-transfer (ETP) versus hydroxylation-opening-mineralization). Translation to practice is highlighted by membrane-confined systems that couple reaction and separation, maintain flux in saline/organic-rich effluents, and lower toxicity, supported by QSAR predictions and bioassays. Design rules are distilled for antibiotics and other electron-rich targets, and outline standards for reporting conditions, metal leaching, TOC mineralization, and evidence matrices (EPR, isotope/quenching, operando XAS/Raman, DFT). Finally, opportunities are charted for tailored strategies toward halogenated/strongly electron-deficient pollutants and emerging contaminants (PFAS, ARGs, microplastics). Collectively, Fe-M DACs establish an atom-level "catalyst-co-catalyst" paradigm for robust, selective, and safer advanced oxidation in complex waters.
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Cobalt-Immobilized Microplastics as a Functional Catalyst for PMS-Based Nitrate Degradation: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
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Researchers developed a cobalt-immobilized microplastic catalyst that activates peroxymonosulfate to degrade nitrate contamination in water, using response surface methodology to optimize performance and identifying catalyst dosage and cobalt concentration as the most influential variables.
Synergistic activation of peroxymonosulfate by highly dispersed iron-based sulfur–nitrogen co-doped porous carbon for bisphenol a removal: mechanistic insights and selective oxidation
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Researchers synthesized a sulfur-nitrogen co-doped porous carbon material with dispersed iron species (FeSNC) that activates peroxymonosulfate to degrade bisphenol A at a rate 30 times faster than sulfur-nitrogen carbon alone, operating effectively across a wide pH range through non-radical high-valent iron oxidation and singlet oxygen pathways.
Process analysis of microplastic degradation using activated PMS and Fenton reagents
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Researchers demonstrated that activated peroxymonosulfate and Fenton reagents can degrade nylon and polystyrene microplastics through free radical oxidation, achieving mass losses exceeding 20% after four treatment cycles.
Design of Polymer-Embedded Heterogeneous Fenton Catalysts for the Conversion of Organic Trace Compounds
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Researchers designed iron oxide catalysts embedded in thermoplastic polymers for advanced oxidation of trace organic contaminants in water. These polymer-embedded Fenton catalysts could be used to treat wastewater pollutants, including those associated with microplastic chemical leachates.
Iron‐Based Catalysts for the Removal of Microplastics
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This review evaluates the potential of iron-based catalysts for degrading microplastics in water through photocatalytic, Fenton, and electrocatalytic approaches. Researchers highlight the advantages of iron's abundance, low toxicity, and catalytic versatility for generating reactive oxygen species that can break down plastics. The study identifies challenges including scalability and catalyst recovery while recommending interdisciplinary collaboration to advance iron-based remediation solutions.
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