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Recent advances in research to identify sources of nano- and microplastics
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A summary of recent research identifies several underappreciated sources of microplastics and nanoplastics, including laser-cut acrylic sheets, orthodontic rubber bands, and children's food containers, each shedding particles during normal use. Identifying these everyday sources is essential for accurately estimating total human exposure to plastic particles and for designing interventions that reduce intake.
Exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics — particles smaller than 5 millimeters and 1 micrometer across, respectively — have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Although some of their sources are well known, others haven't been thoroughly vetted yet. On July 26, 2023, ACS reported there were a number of recent papers published in ACS journals that detail new insights into the origins of some microscopic plastic pieces: laser-cut acrylic sheets, orthodontic rubber bands and children's food containers. The papers are listed below:
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Investigating Microplastics and Nanoplastics Released from a Rubber Band Used for Orthodontic Treatment with Improved Raman Imaging Algorithms
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Researchers used advanced Raman imaging to detect microplastics and nanoplastics shed from orthodontic rubber bands worn in the mouth, estimating that millions of particles could be released daily into a teenager's oral environment. This raises a largely overlooked exposure concern given how widespread orthodontic treatment is, particularly during the developmental years of adolescence.
Microplastics and nanoplastics in healthcare: environmental persistence, health implications, and professional awareness
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This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics have infiltrated ecosystems, food, water, and even human tissues, with particular focus on their relevance to healthcare settings — especially dentistry and orthodontics — where extensive plastic use generates microplastic debris from single-use items and clear aligners.
A Hidden Pathway for Human Exposure to Micro- and Nanoplastics—The Mechanical Fragmentation of Plastic Products during Daily Use
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This review examines a commonly overlooked source of human microplastic exposure: the mechanical wear and fragmentation of everyday plastic products during normal use. Researchers found that activities like opening containers, using cutting boards, and handling plastic items release significant quantities of micro- and nanoplastics directly into our immediate environment. The study highlights that this daily fragmentation pathway may contribute more to personal microplastic exposure than previously appreciated.
Oral splints, clear aligners, mandibular advancement devices: hidden sources of micro- and nanoplastic exposure?
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Researchers highlighted oral appliances such as splints, clear aligners, and mandibular advancement devices as potential underrecognized sources of chronic micro- and nanoplastic exposure, calling for rigorous human-centered studies to quantify the cumulative health risks from these widely used dental devices.
Nanoscale plastic pollution: sources, identification and potential mitigation
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This review examines the sources, environmental fate, and potential mitigation strategies for nanoscale plastic pollution, tracing the accumulation of plastic particles from millimetre to nanometre scales over decades. It highlights key knowledge gaps and emerging approaches for reducing nanoplastic contamination in ecosystems.
Research digests by email
When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.