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Microbes and Microbial Strategies in Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Remediation: A Systematic Review
Summary
This systematic review catalogued microbial strategies for remediating carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the environment, including enzymatic degradation, biofilm formation, and genetically engineered microorganisms. The research is relevant to microplastics because PAHs frequently adsorb onto microplastic surfaces, and microbial degradation of both the plastics and their associated pollutants is an active area of investigation.
Abstract Degradation, detoxification or removal of the omnipresent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the ecosphere as well as their prevention from entering into food chain has never appeared simple. In this context, cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable solutions like microbes-mediated strategies have been adopted worldwide. With this connection, measures have been taken by multifarious modes of microbial remedial strategies, i.e., enzymatic degradation, biofilm and biosurfactant production, application of biochar immobilized microbes, lactic acid bacteria, rhizospheric-phyllospheric-endophytic microorganisms, genetically engineered microorganisms, and microbial fuel cell techniques etc. In this review, a nine-way directional approach which is based on the microbial resources reported over the last couple of decades has been described. Fungi found as the most dominant taxa among the CPAH-degrading microbial community constituting 52.2%, while bacteria, algae and yeasts occupied 37.4%, 9.1% and 1.3%, respectively. In addition to these, category-wise CPAH degrading efficiencies of each microbial taxa, consortium-based applications, CPAH-degradation related molecular tool, and factors affecting CPAH-degradation are the other important aspects of this review in light of their appropriate selection and application in the PAH-contaminated environment for better human-health management in order to achieve a sustainable ecosystem.
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