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Survey on the Environmental Risks of Bisphenol A and Its Relevant Regulations in Taiwan: An Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical of Increasing Concern
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This survey examines the environmental risks of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastics, focusing on its production and distribution in Taiwan. Researchers found BPA contamination across water, sediment, and food products, and summarized the regulatory measures multiple government agencies have implemented to manage its risks. The study highlights the ongoing challenges of controlling a chemical that is produced in massive quantities and found throughout the environment.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been identified as one of the endocrine disruptors or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Due to its massive production (over 700,000 tons per year) and the extensive use of BPA-based plastics (i.e., polycarbonate and epoxy resin) in Taiwan, it was thus included as a toxic substance by the Ministry of Environment. This work surveyed the updated information about the production of BPA and its environmental distribution in Taiwan over the past decade. Furthermore, the regulatory strategies and countermeasures for managing the environmental risks of BPA by the Taiwan government were summarized to show the cross-ministerial efforts under the relevant acts, including the Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substances Control Act (TCCSCA), the Food Sanitation Management Act (FSMA) and the Commodity Inspection Act (CIA). The findings showed that most monitoring data were far below the acceptable risks. However, people may pose an adverse threat to the aquatic environment and human health via ecological and food chains. In addition, some countermeasures were further recommended to echo the international actions on environmental endocrine disruptors in recent years.
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Survey on the environmental risks of bisphenol A and its rele-vant regulations in Taiwan: An environmental endo-crine-disrupting chemical of increasing concern
AI summary Read the abstract
This review surveys the environmental distribution of bisphenol A (BPA) in Taiwan over the past decade and summarizes the government's regulatory strategies for managing its risks, given that over 700,000 tons of BPA are produced annually and BPA-based plastics are extensively used in Taiwan. BPA was included as a toxic substance by Taiwan's Ministry of Environment given its classification as an endocrine-disrupting chemical.
Bisphenol A-an Overview on its Effect on Health and Environment
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This review synthesized evidence on bisphenol A (BPA) — a chemical used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins — covering its sources of human exposure, endocrine-disrupting mechanisms, and associations with metabolic, reproductive, and developmental health outcomes.
Levels of Phthalates, Bisphenol-A, Nonylphenol, and Microplastics in Fish in the Estuaries of Northern Taiwan and the Impact on Human Health
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Researchers analyzed 600 fish from five river estuaries in northern Taiwan for endocrine-disrupting chemicals and microplastics. They found phthalates, bisphenol-A, nonylphenol, and microplastics across all sampling sites, with contamination levels varying by location and fish species, and estimated the potential human health implications from consuming these fish.
Bisphenol A and its analogues in outdoor and indoor air: Properties, sources and global levels
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This review covers the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), a hormone-disrupting chemical used in plastic manufacturing, in indoor and outdoor air worldwide. BPA exposure through air and dust is a concern because it can interfere with hormones even at low levels, potentially affecting fertility, development, and metabolism. The review is relevant to microplastics because BPA is a common plastic additive that can leach from microplastic particles, adding to human exposure through multiple routes.
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure
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This review examines how endocrine-disrupting compounds, including plastic-derived chemicals like phthalates and bisphenol A, accumulate in water sources worldwide. Researchers found these substances are now detectable even in drinking water, raising concerns about human exposure through the food chain. Several studies have linked exposure to these chemicals with reproductive and metabolic health issues, though more research is needed to fully understand the risks.
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