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Freshwater Pollution by Plastics – Transboundary Pollution and Liability
Summary
This legal analysis examined the environmental and health risks of plastic and microplastic pollution in freshwater systems, reviewing the existing international and national legal frameworks for addressing transboundary pollution. The authors identified significant gaps in liability and enforcement mechanisms for freshwater microplastic contamination.
This study examines the environmental and health risks posed by microplastics and plastics and analyses the existing legal framework addressing their impact. Microplastics are widespread pollutants affecting water sources, ecosystems, and potentially human health. Their presence in the freshwater and marine environments disrupts biodiversity, contaminates drinking water, and introduces toxic substances into food chains. Despite growing concerns, regulation remains challenging due to their mobility and persistence, as well as the lack of relevant data. This article thus analyses the legal liability for plastic pollution in view of international, European, and Czech environmental law. It also evaluates whether current regulations address the threats posed by microplastics adequately and explores possible legal measures to enhance environmental protection and liability.