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A Comprehensive Review for the Surveillance of Human Pathogenic Microorganisms in Shellfish
Summary
This review surveys the range of bacteria and viruses that can accumulate in shellfish due to their filter-feeding behavior, which concentrates microorganisms from surrounding waters. Researchers discuss the limitations of current monitoring methods and highlight the potential of genomic technologies to detect emerging pathogens. The study emphasizes that despite existing food safety regulations, shellfish-related disease outbreaks continue to occur.
Bivalve molluscan shellfish have been consumed for centuries. Being filter feeders, they may bioaccumulate some microorganisms present in coastal water, either naturally or through the discharge of human or animal sewage. Despite regulations set up to avoid microbiological contamination in shellfish, human outbreaks still occur. After providing an overview showing their implication in disease, this review aims to highlight the diversity of the bacteria or enteric viruses detected in shellfish species, including emerging pathogens. After a critical discussion of the available methods and their limitations, we address the interest of technological developments using genomics to anticipate the emergence of pathogens. In the coming years, further research needs to be performed and methods need to be developed in order to design the future of surveillance and to help risk assessment studies, with the ultimate objective of protecting consumers and enhancing the microbial safety of bivalve molluscan shellfish as a healthy food.
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