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Removal of micro/nanoplastics in constructed wetland: Efficiency, limitations and perspectives
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Microplastics in Wetland Ecosystem: A Complex Nexus and Way Forward
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This review examines the distribution, fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in wetland ecosystems, which serve as both sinks and potential secondary sources of microplastic contamination. Wetlands filter water supplies and support biodiversity, so microplastic accumulation there directly threatens aquatic food webs, drinking water quality, and the communities that depend on these ecosystems.
Effects of Operating Water Level Regulation on the Microplastic Distribution in Constructed Wetlands
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Experiments in free water surface constructed wetlands showed that higher operating water levels significantly improved microplastic removal efficiency — up to 70% in summer — by promoting particle settling and reducing resuspension of larger fragments. Optimizing water management in constructed wetlands offers a cost-effective, ecologically integrated approach to reducing microplastic discharge from treated wastewater into downstream aquatic environments.
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Wastewater treatment plants in Poland were found to remove about 95-99% of microplastic particles from sewage before it's released into rivers and streams, with most of the trapped plastic ending up concentrated in the leftover sludge. That's good news since it means treatment plants are catching most microplastics before they reach waterways, but it also means the sludge, which is sometimes used as fertilizer on farmland, may need more scrutiny to prevent these particles from re-entering the environment and, potentially, our food supply.
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Researchers evaluate the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants at removing microplastics from water, assessing how rising plastic production is driving increased microplastic concentrations in aquatic ecosystems and the limitations of current treatment infrastructure in addressing this persistent hazard.
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