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The Classification, Related Hazards and Biomarkers of Particulate Matter
Summary
This review categorises particulate matter (PM) pollutants — including microplastics alongside mineral dusts, combustion particles, and other fine particles — and summarises how they enter the body and damage cells and organs. The paper identifies potential biomarkers that could be used to detect early-stage damage from particle exposure. By placing microplastics within the broader landscape of particle toxicology, the review helps contextualise their health risks alongside better-studied airborne pollutants.
Particulate matter (PM), a mixture of solids, liquids and gaseous matters, is produced by natural environment or anthropogenic activities. Attribute to their small size and light weight, they could exist in human surroundings for a long time and migrate from long-distance. Particulate matter enters human body through respiratory tract, digestive tract, skin contact and other ways to cause damage to cells and organs, which is called particle disease. This review summarized the particles and their hazards that have attracted attention in recent years, the toxicity of cells and organs after entering human body, and we also concluded the potential markers indicating of cell and/or tissue toxicity. It should be useful for the research in prevention and treatment of the hazard of particulate matter on human health.
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