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Microplastic polyamide toxicity: Neurotoxicity, stress indicators and immune responses in crucian carp, Carassius carassius
Summary
This study found that exposing juvenile crucian carp to polyamide (nylon) microplastics for just two weeks caused significant neurotoxic effects, stress responses, and weakened immune function. The microplastics inhibited an enzyme important for nerve signaling, increased stress hormones, and reduced immune defenses in the fish's liver, gills, and intestines. Since nylon microplastics are common in waterways from synthetic clothing fibers, these results raise concerns about the health of freshwater fish species that humans rely on for food.
This study aimed to determine the toxicity standard and potential risks and effects of polyamide (PA) exposure on neurotoxicity, stress indicators, and immune responses in juvenile crucian carp Carassius carassius. Numerous microplastics (MPs) exists within aquatic environments, leading to diverse detrimental impacts on aquatic organisms. The C. carassius (mean weight, 23.7 ± 1.6 g; mean length, 13.9 ± 1.4 cm) were exposed to PA concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/L for 2 weeks. Among the neurotransmitters, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the liver, gill, and intestine of C. carassius was significantly inhibited by PA exposure. Stress indicators such as cortisol and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the liver, gill, and intestine of C. carassius were significantly increased, while immune responses to lysozyme and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly decreased. Our study demonstrates the toxic effects of MP exposure on crucian carp's neurotoxicity, stress indicators, and immune responses.
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