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Ecología trófica y consumo incidental de microplásticos en peces (Sciaenidae) y su relación con la dinámica ambiental en la bahía de Tumaco, Pacífico colombiano
Summary
Researchers investigated the trophic ecology and incidental microplastic consumption of Sciaenidae fish from Tumaco Bay in the Colombian Pacific, conducting four sampling campaigns between 2020 and 2021 using artisanal fishing gear and examining 467 individuals. The study examined the relationship between fish feeding behavior and environmental dynamics in the bay, finding microplastics present alongside prey organisms in fish digestive systems.
La familia de peces Sciaenidae es importante para el comercio y la soberanía alimentaria de los habitantes de la bahía de Tumaco, en el Pacífico colombiano. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre sus hábitos tróficos en esta bahía. En ese contexto, en este estudio nos propusimos determinar la ecología trófica y la ingesta incidental de microplásticos en peces Sciaenidae, así como su relación con la dinámica ambiental en la bahía de Tumaco. Para ello se hicieron cuatros muestreos (2020-2021) con artes de pesca artesanales (anzuelo, changa, transmallo) y se capturaron 467 individuos para examinar el contenido estomacal de los peces. Los ítems alimentarios fueron pesados y clasificados. Se estimó para cada especie la preferencia de presa, la similitud y diferencias espaciotemporales en las dietas y la asociación entre la dieta y los factores ambientales. Se encontró que los crustáceos representaron un ítem alimentario de consumo constante (92 %) y de gran importancia (80 %) para la mayoría de las especies. Además, los mayores consumos de crustáceos se presentaron en la zona externa del estuario, asociada a una mayor salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y transparencia, lo que determina mayor abundancia y riqueza de este recurso. Por otro lado, se detectó la ingesta incidental de microplásticos en 30 ejemplares, pertenecientes a 10 especies (70 % de ellas de interés comercial). Se concluyó que en la bahía de Tumaco se aprovechan los crustáceos, un recurso alimenticio común y abundante, y se evidenció la presencia de microplásticos en los peces.
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