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Effect of bisphenol A on the neurological system: a review update
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This review summarizes recent research on how bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical found in many plastic products and food containers, affects the brain and nervous system. Studies show BPA exposure can cause oxidative stress, damage brain cells, disrupt neurotransmitters, and may increase the risk of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and stroke. Children and developing fetuses appear to be especially vulnerable to BPA's harmful neurological effects.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) and one of the most produced synthetic compounds worldwide. BPA can be found in epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, which are frequently used in food storage and baby bottles. However, BPA can bind mainly to estrogen receptors, interfering with various neurologic functions, its use is a topic of significant concern. Nonetheless, the neurotoxicity of BPA has not been fully understood despite numerous investigations on its disruptive effects. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the most recent studies on the implications of BPA on the neurologic system. Our findings suggest that BPA exposure impairs various structural and molecular brain changes, promoting oxidative stress, changing expression levels of several crucial genes and proteins, destructive effects on neurotransmitters, excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, damaged blood-brain barrier function, neuronal damage, apoptosis effects, disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, increase in reactive oxygen species, promoted apoptosis and intracellular lactate dehydrogenase release, a decrease of axon length, microglial DNA damage, astrogliosis, and significantly reduced myelination. Moreover, BPA exposure increases the risk of developing neurologic diseases, including neurovascular (e.g. stroke) and neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's) diseases. Furthermore, epidemiological studies showed that the adverse effects of BPA on neurodevelopment in children contributed to the emergence of serious neurological diseases like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, emotional problems, anxiety, and cognitive disorders. In summary, BPA exposure compromises human health, promoting the development and progression of neurologic disorders. More research is required to fully understand how BPA-induced neurotoxicity affects human health.
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Microplastics/nanoplastics and neurological health: An overview of neurological defects and mechanisms
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This review summarizes evidence that micro and nanoplastics can harm the nervous system, causing developmental abnormalities, brain cell death, neurological inflammation, and potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Animal studies show that these tiny plastics can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in brain tissue, where they trigger oxidative stress and disrupt normal brain function. While direct evidence in humans is still limited, the findings suggest that chronic microplastic exposure could be a risk factor for neurological health problems.
Neurotoxicities induced by micro/nanoplastics: A review focusing on the risks of neurological diseases
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This review summarizes evidence that micro- and nanoplastics can reach the brain through the bloodstream and nerve pathways, where they trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell damage that may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. The particles are found in air, water, soil, and food, meaning humans are constantly exposed through breathing, eating, and skin contact, making brain effects a serious long-term concern.
Neurotoxicity of Plastics: Mechanistic Insights into the Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Animal Models
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This review summarizes evidence from rodent and zebrafish studies showing that plastic-derived chemicals — including BPA, phthalates, and micro/nanoplastics — penetrate or impair the blood-brain barrier and trigger oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.
Exposition to Plastic and Associated-chemicals in Neurodevelpmental Disorder: an Overview
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This overview pools findings from multiple studies on how plastics and their associated chemicals may affect brain development in children. Exposure to micro- and nanoplastics, plasticizers like BPA, and flame retardants has been linked to neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism and ADHD in early research, though more human studies are needed to confirm these connections.
Neurotoxicity of nanoplastics: A review
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This review examines the growing body of evidence on how nanoplastics may affect the nervous system. Researchers summarized findings showing that nanoplastics can cross biological barriers, accumulate in brain tissue, and trigger oxidative stress and inflammation in nerve cells. The evidence indicates that nanoplastic exposure may contribute to neurotoxic effects, though more research is needed to fully understand the risks to human brain health.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.