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Exploring the combined interplays: Effects of cypermethrin and microplastic exposure on the survival and antioxidant physiology of Astacus leptodactylus
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Crayfish exposed to both microplastics and the pesticide cypermethrin for 60 days showed significant biochemical stress including reduced antioxidant defenses, altered blood chemistry, and liver tissue damage. The combination of these two common environmental contaminants appeared to be more harmful than either alone. This matters because aquatic organisms are often exposed to multiple pollutants simultaneously, and the combined effects could affect the safety of freshwater species consumed by humans.
Plastic waste and micro/nanoplastic particles pose a significant global environmental challenge, along with concerns surrounding certain pesticides' impact on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the effects of microplastic particles (MPPs) and cypermethrin (CYP) on crayfish, focusing on biochemical indices, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, hematological changes, and histopathological damage. After determining the LC50-96 h value (4.162 μg/L), crayfish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of CYP (1.00 ppb (20%) and 2.00 ppb (50%)) and fed a diet containing 100 mg/kg MPPs for 60 days. Hemolymph transfusion and histopathological examinations of the hepatopancreas were conducted. The results showed significant alterations in crayfish. Total protein levels decreased, indicating protein breakdown to counteract contaminants, while total cholesterol and triglyceride levels declined, suggesting impaired metabolism. Glucose levels increased in response to chemical stress. The decline in total antioxidant capacity highlighted the impact of prolonged xenobiotic exposure and oxidative stress, while increased CAT, SOD, and MDA activities helped mitigate oxidative stress and maintain cellular homeostasis. The elevated total hemocyte count, particularly in semi-granular cells, suggests their active involvement in the detoxification process. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these effects.
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Potential synergistic effects of microplastics and zinc oxide nanoparticles: biochemical and physiological analysis on Astacus leptodactylus
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Researchers exposed crayfish to microplastics and zinc oxide nanoparticles, both alone and combined, and found that the combination caused greater harm than either pollutant on its own, including increased liver stress markers and reduced antioxidant defenses. These findings suggest that microplastics may make other common environmental pollutants more toxic when they occur together in waterways that supply food and drinking water.
Single and combined effects of CuSO4 and polyethylene microplastics on biochemical endpoints and physiological impacts on the narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus
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Researchers exposed freshwater crayfish to polyethylene microplastics and copper sulfate, both alone and together, for 28 days. The combination caused worse effects than either pollutant alone, including liver damage, immune suppression, and increased oxidative stress. This suggests microplastics can amplify the harmful effects of other environmental pollutants in aquatic food sources.
Toxicity effects of microplastics individually and in combination with Aeromonas hydrophila on freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylous)
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Researchers investigated the combined effects of microplastics and the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila on freshwater crayfish over 30 days. The study found that co-exposure to microplastics and the pathogen caused more severe disruptions to blood biochemistry, liver oxidative balance, and immune function than either stressor alone, suggesting microplastics can amplify pathogen-related damage.
Co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics and cypermethrin enhanced the effects on hepatic phospholipid metabolism and gut microbes in adult zebrafish
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When zebrafish were exposed to both polystyrene microplastics and the pesticide cypermethrin together, the combination caused significantly more liver damage than either pollutant alone. The mixture disrupted fat metabolism in the liver and altered gut bacteria in ways not seen with individual exposures. This matters because microplastics and pesticides frequently co-exist in waterways, and their combined effects on fish health could affect the safety of fish as food.
Exploring the Coexposure Effects of Pyrogallol and Microplastic on the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
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Researchers exposed freshwater crayfish to microplastics and pyrogallol (a plant-derived chemical) both alone and together, and found that the combination caused worse damage than either pollutant alone. The crayfish showed liver damage, reduced antioxidant defenses, and immune system changes. Since crayfish are a common food source, this study highlights how microplastics interacting with other environmental chemicals could affect food safety.
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