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Effect of Microplastics on Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals
Original title: Влияние микропластика на загрязнение почв тяжелыми металлами
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This review examines the combined pollution problem of microplastic particles and heavy metals in soils, focusing on a mining region in North Ossetia where long-term mineral extraction has generated heavy metal-enriched waste contaminating soils and waters. The authors analyze both direct physicochemical sorption mechanisms and indirect pathways by which microplastics interact with and potentially mobilize heavy metals in the environment.
Целью работы являлось изучение современного состояния проблемы загрязнения горнодобывающей территории. Длительная добыча полезных ископаемых в Северной Осетии привела к образованию большого количества отходов, обогащенных тяжелыми металлами, которые способствуют загрязнению почв и вод. Представляет интерес проблема комплексного взаимодействия частиц микропластика (МП) и тяжелых металлов (ТМ) в окружающей среде, когда рассматриваются как прямые механизмы, такие как физико-химическая сорбция, так и опосредованные воздействия. Это в полной мере определяет актуальность проблемы. Методы. Проведен анализ современных источников по исследуемой тематике. В соответствии с используемой методологией выполнена критическая оценка и обобщение литературных источников для формирования общей картины текущего состояния научной области. В процессе поиска научных публикаций использовались несколько ведущих международных научных баз данных (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed и др.) с релевантными ключевыми словами. Результаты. Показано, что состаренные и фотодеградированные частицы, обладают более высокой сорбционной емкостью из-за увеличения удельной поверхности и образования кислородсодержащих групп. Показано, что явления адсорбции и десорбции способны кардинально менять распределение металлов между их фазами, влиять на их химическую спецификацию (формы нахождения) и, что наиболее важно с токсикологической точки зрения, на биодоступность для гидробионтов и почвенных организмов. Несмотря на большое число исследований, многое во взаимодействиях элементов загрязнения все еще остается неясным. Тем не менее, установлены ключевые пробелы в современных исследованиях по данной тематике, что обуславливает необходимость исследований, ориентированных на реалистичные многокомпонентные системы и долгосрочные эффекты в природных экосистемах для адекватной оценки геэкологических рисков The aim of this work was to examine the current state of pollution in a mining-affected territory. Prolonged mining activities in North Ossetia have resulted in the generation of a significant amount of waste enriched with heavy metals, contributing to soil and water contamination. Of particular interest is the complex interaction between microplastic (MP) particles and heavy metals (HM) in the environment, encompassing both direct mechanisms, such as physicochemical sorption, and indirect impacts. This fully underscores the relevance of the problem. Methods. An analysis of contemporary literature on the research topic was conducted. In accordance with the applied methodology, a critical evaluation and synthesis of literary sources were performed to form an overall picture of the current state of the scientific field. The search for scientific publications utilized several leading international databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, etc.) with relevant keywords. Results. It is shown that aged and photodegraded particles possess higher sorption capacity due to increased specific surface area and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. It is demonstrated that the phenomena of adsorption and desorption can fundamentally alter the distribution of metals between their phases, influence their chemical speciation, and, most importantly from a toxicological perspective, affect their bioavailability to aquatic organisms and soil biota. Despite a substantial body of research, much regarding the interactions of these pollutants remains unclear. Nevertheless, key gaps in current research on this topic have been identified, highlighting the necessity for studies focused on realistic multicomponent systems and long-term effects in natural ecosystems to adequately assess geo-environmental risks
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