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Characterization of atmospheric particles: A study of particulate matter and microplastic in the Region of Hortênsias – Brazil
Summary
This Brazilian study monitored fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in two tourist cities in the Hortênsias region over a year, finding air quality that sometimes fell below WHO standards and detecting particles with characteristics consistent with microplastics alongside vehicular soot. The study raises concerns about airborne microplastic exposure in urban environments even in relatively small cities, and adds to the growing evidence that atmospheric microplastics are a widespread form of air pollution with potential respiratory health implications.
Abstract Atmospheric pollution is one of the main consequences of anthropogenic activities in the environment. The insertion of particles suspended in the air, which are composed of dust, fumes, microplastics, and aerosols emitted by industries, vehicles, and constructions, alters the quality of the environment they are inserted into, impacting both human health and the environment. Therefore, this study aims to identify the atmospheric particles that may be influencing the air quality in the Region of Hortênsias/RS (municipalities of Canela and Gramado). The concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 2.5−10 were evaluated at two sites from April 2021 to April 2022. The Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter Sampler (FCS) was used to collect samples at the site located in Canela (S1). In Gramado (S2), in addition to the FCS, a dichotomous sampler was also used for sampling. The filters were observed under a microscope to evaluate the presence of polymeric material. The selected particles were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Six samples of PM 2.5 did not meet the air quality standards recommended by the WHO Guideline. Alterations in the concentrations of PM 2.5 were also observed in October and December 2021 at S1 and S2 and in April 2022 at S2. The results demonstrated low air quality, and the microscopic analysis detected the presence of particles with characteristics of polymeric material. These particles suggest traces of microplastics, in addition to the presence of vehicular soot and fly ash when analyzed by SEM/EDS.